展神经

After 6 to 8 weeks behavioral test, electrophysiologic test, muscle weight measurement of flexor carpi ulnaxis and abductor digiti minimi manus, and ultrastructural observation were carried out.

对120只Wistar大鼠在上臂肌皮神经人肌水平不同程度切断尺神经（分别切断1／6，1／3，1／2，2／3及全部），术后6～8周观察大鼠的行为变化，尺神经电生理变化，尺侧腕屈肌及小指展肌的肌湿重比及肌细胞超微结构的改变。

The Suprascapular nerve is closeto superior transverse scapular ligment at suprascapular hole, close to inferior transverse scapular at subscapular hole. The movement space is limited, the nerve tension is increased when the shoulder abduct, the fascia separate the suprascapular nerve from the rotator cuff.

肩胛上神经分别在肩胛上、下孔处贴近肩胛上韧带、肩胛下韧带，活动余地较小，肩部外展活动时神经张力增大，肩袖和肩胛上神经干之间有筋膜相隔。

The results showed that NOS positive neurons were present in the hippocamp us CA1～CA3） in which NOS strong positive neurons were in CA2; NOS medium positive nucleus in the nuclei nervorum non-cranialium (red nucleus、 su bstantia nigra; NOS positive neurons in the nuclei nervorum cranialium (oculomo tor、 accessory oculomotor nucleus, facial nucleus, abducens nucleus); NOS posit ive nucleus in the pons reticular formation; NOS positive nucleus in the raphe n ucleus and in the plexus chorioideus ventriculi quartic and plexus chorioideus v entriculi tertii.

结果显示：海马(CA1～CA3区)NOS为阳性、其中CA2 为强阳性++）；非脑神经核(红核、黑质为中等阳性；而脑神经核(动眼神经核、动眼神经副核、面神经核、展神经核)NOS为阳性；脑桥网状结构为阳性；缝核群为阳性；第三脑室和第四脑室脉络丛为阳性。

There were 53.9%of abducent nerve had one stem in cavernous sinus,29.4%of them had two stems and 17.7%of them had 3 stems.

眼神经在窦内的长度为15.8±6.2 mm。展神经在窦内为单干者占52.9%(18侧)；2干者占29.4%(10侧)；3干者占17.7%(6侧)。

We dilivered supramaximal stimulations over the wrist in the median and ulnar nerve examinations and obtained the data of CMAP parameters from APB and ADQ muscles.

於21位年轻正常受试者，分别在腕部施予正中神经及尺神经之超大电量刺激，同时在短外展拇指肌与外展小指肌作CMAP之记录。

Materials and Methods 46 cases with brachial plexus injury underwent traditional spinal accessory nerve transfer to restore shoulder abduction were followed-up. Recipient nerve: suprascapular nerve in 35 cases (upper partial brachial plexus injury 21 cases and total brachial plexus injury 14 cases), axillary nerve in 11 cases(upper partial brachial plexus injury 5 cases and total brachial plexus injury 6 cases); And trapezius muscle function was measured by physical examination and electrophysiological study in 18 patients.

材料与方法臂丛神经损伤患者46例，传统锁骨上前入路副神经移位恢复肩关节外展功能；受区神经：肩胛上神经35例(上臂丛神经损伤21例，全臂丛神经损伤14例)，腋神经11例(上臂丛神经损伤5例，全臂丛神经损伤6例)；术后随访肩关节外展功能的恢复，并对来院随访患者随访检查其斜方肌各部肌力及电生理的变化。

Outcomes in patients with suprascapular nerve as recipient was significantly better than that in patients with axillary nerve as recipient, So the suprascapular nerve should be selected as the best choice of recipient; And functional deficit occured in upper, middle and lower portions of trapezius after the traditional spinal accessory nerve transfer.

副神经移位治疗臂丛神经损伤恢复肩关节外展功能，修复肩胛上神经的疗效优于修复腋神经，应把移位修复肩胛上神经作为首选；传统锁骨上前入路手术后斜方肌各部功能有明显下降。

Results Followed-up for 25~37 months (average 27.5 months), the fisrt signs of reinnerveation of suprascapular nerve appeared at 5~12 months,average 9.94±3.26 months,that of axillary nerve appeared at 9~15months, average12.60±3.08 months;The results in patients with suprascapular nerve as recipient(upper partial 57.08±21.16°, total 40.71±14.27°) were significantly better than that in patients with axillary nerve as recipient(upper partial 31.25±20.97°, total 18.75±7.50°). And the muscular function in upper, middle and lower portions of trapezius are affected due to nerve transfer.

结果 随访25~37个月(平均27.5个月)，来院随访18例；副神经移位修复肩胛上神经术后功能恢复征象最早出现在5~12个月，平均9.94±3.26个月，修复腋神经最早出现在9~15个月，平均12.60±3.08个月；修复肩胛上神经肩外展恢复结果(上臂丛神经损伤57.08±21.16°，全臂丛损伤40.71±14.27°)优于修复腋神经的恢复结果(上臂丛神经损伤31.25±20.97°，全臂丛损伤18.75±7.50°)，P.05；副神经移位后斜方肌各部功能丧失明显。

Preface: The shoulder play an important role in developing the function of the upper limb. Which makes the restoration of shoulder function in brachial plexus injury is vital for the functional restoration of the whole upper limb, and has been considered as one of the function which should be restored firstly;The spinal accessory nerve is one of the most effectively and usually used donor nerves for restoration of shoulder abduction.

引言：肩关节显著扩大了人手在三维空间中的活动范围，并为手部承担负荷提供坚实的支座，是整个上肢活动的基础，肩关节功能对于发挥上肢的作用至关重要，所以臂丛神经损伤后如何恢复肩关节功能是臂丛神经损伤患者整个上肢功能恢复的基础和关键，一直受到广泛的重视与关注，被认为是应优先恢复的关节功能之一；副神经是神经移位治疗臂丛神经损伤恢复肩关节外展功能最常应用的移位动力神经之一。

Part OneA Clinical and Comparative Study on the Choice of Recipient Nerve of the Spinal Accessory Nerve Transfer for Restoration of Shoulder Abduction in Brachial Plexus InjuryObjective To explore the best choice of recipient nerve for spinal accessory nerve transfer for restoration of the shoulder abduction in brachial plexus injury. And, to observe the affection of the trapezius function after operation.

第一部分副神经移位治疗臂丛损伤恢复肩外展功能受区神经选择的临床比较研究目的探讨副神经移位恢复肩关节外展功能最佳受区神经的选择，并同时了解传统锁骨上前入路副神经移位术后斜方肌各部功能的变化。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。