屈服

Based on the complex potential method about the plane theory of the elasticity of an anisotropic body,stress distributions in the plate with multiple cracks are obtained by using the conformal mapping and the Faber series expansion.

采用各向异性体平面弹性理论中的复势方法，应用保角映射技术和F aber级数展开，导出在任意载荷作用下多裂纹板应力场的级数解，引入当量屈服应力修正裂尖塑性区，并利用Sw ift韧带屈服准则建立含共线分布多裂纹结构的剩余强度分析模型，计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。

Based on the complex potential method about the plane theory of the elasticity of an anisotropic body, stress distributions in the plate with multiple cracks are obtained by using the conformal mapping and the Faber series expansion. The equivalence yield stress considers the effect on plastic zones. The Swift strip yield criteria is used to predict the residual strength of plate containing multiple collinear cracks.

采用各向异性体平面弹性理论中的复势方法，应用保角映射技术和Faber级数展开，导出在任意载荷作用下多裂纹板应力场的级数解，引入当量屈服应力修正裂尖塑性区，并利用Swift韧带屈服准则建立含共线分布多裂纹结构的剩余强度分析模型，计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。

The yield strength of the line pipe is the key factor for strength design of pipelines, but the deviation of the test result of yield strength by the most universal normative round bar specimen and flattened strip specimen cannot be ignored in high strength line pipes, which does give more bewilderedness to the inspection and evaluation of line pipe.

管线钢管的屈服强度是管线强度设计的基本参数，但是最常用的标准圆棒试样和板状试样测试钢管横向屈服强度的结果存在明显差异，并且差异随钢级的提高而增大，给实际的生产检验和评价带来困惑。

It has the function about arithmetic auto-produce,the test bulletin auto-compile also.Debugging and system's exploitation become more convenienter.It can calculability the max force,the bend force,the no-votable bend force,the average peeling off force,the modulus of elasticity,etc.

还具有算法自动生成、试验报告自动编辑功能；大大方便了调试和系统再开发能力，可计算最大力、屈服力、非比例屈服力、平均剥离力、弹性模量等参数；使用高精度的测量仪器，集高度自动化、智能化于一体。

The numerical simution results show that there is slug flow in the plunger-cylinder of the annulus pipe,because of the existence of Casson yield stress.

数值研究结果表明，由于Casson屈服应力的作用，轴向同心环空内存在柱塞流动，柱塞的大小与Casson屈服应力成正比，与压力梯度成反比。

The internal force yield condition is a close and convex curve and can correspond to the symmetry of internal force.

该内力屈服条件是一条闭合的外凸曲线，符合内力分量的对称性，在材料拉压强度相同时蜕化为屈雷斯卡内力屈服条件。

It cannot be that I shall yield one inch, yet I am in terror as to what an accident might lead to, and I so defenceless on account of my first error.

我是绝不会屈服的，但是我害怕出现什么特殊的事让我屈服了，因为我第一次犯错就是我没有防护的能力。

Engineering practice and experimental research show that strengthening action of CFRP mainly is fully taken after the steels yield ,however,deficiently before that.

工程实践及试验研究表明，利用碳纤维布加固混凝土受弯构件时，碳纤维布高强度的特点仅在梁中主筋屈服后才得以充分发挥，而在主筋屈服前，碳纤维布所起的作用有限。

The main results of the investigation are as following:(1) Some important criteria for the design of multi-layer structure are acquired: the ratio of the layer thickness to the contact diameter should be controlled to a value about 0.8; increasing the number of the gradient layers and elasticity modulus of the top layer would benefit to the yield strength and the stress status at the interface.（2）By means of molecular dynamics simulations for a indentation and sliding process, it is discovered that dislocations of 45 direction to the surface occur in the surfaces layer, which is correspond to the direction of the plastic flows observed in the macroscopic continuous medium. The irreversible deformation caused by the dislocation and the atom piles at the surface are responsible for the irreversibility of the force response. They are also the main factors for the friction generation. The temperature and the indentation velocity have significant effects on the deformation behaviors of the material of the surface layer. The yield strength would increase obviously if the indentation velocity is greater than 10 m/s.（3）A method to evaluate the fracture toughness of coating by estimating the crack-density functionβof a Wicker''s indentation was proposed. Meanwhile a new surface treatment technology was developed using non-equilibrium plasma.（4）A MD-FE hybrid method and corresponding software was developed to analysis the tribological behaviors for multiplayer system.

研究主要内容和结果有：（1）得到指导梯度膜设计的几个准则：控制膜层厚度与接触半径比在0.8左右为宜；适当增加梯度层层数和顶层弹性模量，有利于提高抗屈服能力和改善界面处的应力状态；（2）通过对嵌入和滑动摩擦过程的分子动力学模拟，发现表层产生一个与宏观连续介质的塑性流动方向观测一致的45 方向位错；位错造成的不可逆变形和表面的原子堆积，是力的响应不可逆性的原因，也是构成摩擦力的主要因素；温度和嵌入速度对材料变形特性有显著的影响，当嵌入速度大于10 m/s时，屈服强度明显增加；（3）提出压痕裂纹密度系数β半定量判定膜层断裂韧性的方法；并开发出表面强化新工艺；（4）开发出分析表面摩擦学特性的MD-FE复合模拟方法和相应模拟软件。

The key to this yield criterion is that the concept of internal friction angle which used in soil mechanics has been introduced to infer the relationships among poisson ratio, internal friction angle and relative density.

并且在Miss屈服准则的基础上论证了粉末体屈服准则在主应力空间，为一个回转椭球体。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。