层面

English Description Teaching goal: Analyze the significant problems and phenomena concerning politics, economy, society and culture, and give a brief account of such phenomena with a view to facilitating students' understanding of the status quo and encouraging students to devote care to their living environment.

Chinese Description 教学目标：针对当前社会中之政治、经济、社会、文化等各层面所形成之重大问题与现象加以探讨，予以概略整合性之介绍，以使学生对社会现况更加了解并进而关怀所生活之环境。

The first part is preface, on the basis of expounding the background, the purpose, the meaning and the thinking of the thesis study, briefly introduce the research achievements of domestic and international urban spatial structure; the second part is summary, expatiate on the connotation, component, research span and space type of urban spatial structure; The third part is theory foundation, mainly introduce the three classical models of city spatial structure in the west country (concentric circles mode, fan-shaped mode and multi-core mode) and the relative city development theories (growth pole theory, dot-axis theory, core-fringe theory, metropolis circle theory and city space evolution theory); The fourth part is general situations of study region; The fifth part is the analysis of Lanzhou city spatial structure evolution, along the historical venation Of city development, on the basis of analyzing industrial structure change, focus on and sumup the characteristics of spatial development and form, meanwhile, analyze factors which influences the spatial development; The sixth part is the analysis of Lanzhou city spatial development trend, put forward the development models of Lanzhou city spatial structure from three space aspects(the core city, the city, region) in the future, they are group gobbet structure, fingers structure, circle structure; The seventh part is to mainly put forward the development strategies for the different spatial structure models.

第一部分为前言，在阐明论文研究背景、目的及意义、思路的基础上，简要介绍了国内外城市空间结构相关研究成果；第二部分为概述，对城市空间结构的内涵、组成要素、研究尺度及其空间类型作以介绍；第三部分为理论基础，主要是对西方城市空间结构的3大经典模型(同心圆模式、扇形模式和多核心模式)以及与本研究相关的城市空间发展理论(增长极理论、点轴理论、核心——边缘理论、都市圈理论和城市空间演化理论)的介绍；第四部分为研究区概况，主要是对研究区域范围的界定及其社会经济发展概况介绍；第五部分是兰州城市空间结构演化分析，顺着兰州城市发展的历史脉络，在分析产业结构变动的基础上，着重对城市空间发展及其形态特征进行归纳总结，并分析了空间发展的主要影响因素；第六部分是兰州城市空间发展趋势分析，从中心城市、市域、区域3个空间层面上提出未来兰州城市空间结构的不同模式，即组团结构、指状结构、圈层结构；第七部分是城市空间发展策略，针对不同的城市空间发展模式提出一些对策建议。

And the place that there is need to think over likewise in governmental level.

而在政府层面同样有需要反思的地方。

The contribution of this research is that the research of human respiratory control to expand hardware gradation.

本研究之目的系让人体呼吸控制的研究，扩展至实务的层面。

Thirdly, on the basis of above, gradation analysis is put forward to simplify the vibration analysis of complicated coupled system.

三，在上述研究的基础上，进一步提出适合复杂耦合系统简化分析的"层面分析"思想。

The first part introduces MPA's historical development in America and its particular characteristics. This partmainly focuses on 5 main characteristics, namely,(1) the development of practical skills as the highest priority in their educational formation,(2) the experience-oriented enrollment system;(3) the perfected curriculum setting,(4) the effective and flexible teaching methods, and (5) the highly trained faculty. The second part analyzes the background and key problems of Chinese MPA's education. It includes a lack of specialized educational aims, an overly grade-conscious enrolment system, a need for a more flexible curriculum, a shortage of "case-oriented" teaching methods and the dearth of a highly trained faculty. The third part proposes a theoretical framework based on the MPA educational model.

本文首先阐述了美国MPA教育的发展历程，并在追溯历史的基础上总结了美国MPA教育的主要特点，即：能力为先的培养目标、注重经历的招生办法、完善多样的课程设置、灵活有效的教学方式以及专兼结合的师资队伍五个方面；然后分析了我国MPA教育产生与发展的宏观背景与学科背景，并从MPA教育微观层面对我国目前存在的主要问题进行剖析，这些问题包括培养目标缺乏个性、招生录取偏重分数、课程设置弹性不足、案例教学较为薄弱、队伍建设有待加强；再从MPA教育的学科性质、培养目标、学科基础、课程设置、馨糕孺教学方法等方面构筑了MPA教育的基本理论框架：最后，提出了我国MPA教育改革与发展的基本思路与主要对策，思路着眼于MPA教育的长远发展，对策主要针对目前我国MPA教育存在的主要问题，包括：适时调整宏观政策、加大教学创新力度、强化师资队伍建设、加强硬件环境建设以及构建开放教育网络五个方面。

Being faced with the problem of industrial Wasteland,this article analyse the theories and methods of industrial Wasteland renewal andrestoration based on the microcosmic level and grandiosity level and the analysis bases itself on theurban renewal and restoration,in view of the history and culture of the city.

针对在城市发展中出现的工业废弃地的问题，文章立足于城市的更新、改造，结合当今国内外城市工业废弃地更新、改造的实践，从城市历史文化的角度，对工业废弃地的更新、改造的理论和方法在宏观和微观两个层面进行了分析和探讨。

This paper developes knowledge graph method in natural language understanding.

知识图理论是一种新的处理自然语言理解的方法，是80年代初期荷兰Groningen大学和Twente大学在研究专家系统时创立的一种新的知识表示和推理方法，旨在语义层面上研究知识表示问题。

This essay mainly describes and discusses style deformations at the level of graphology and their possible causes in literary translation.

通过具体案例分析，本文主要描述和探讨文学翻译中发生在语相层面的文体风格变形现象并对其成因进行了阐释。

From the linguistic point of view, the difference is significant on the level of graphology, the level of lexis and the level of semantics.

从语言学角度看，在字位，词汇和语意三个层面上变化显著；而在语法层上，三个时期无显著差别。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失