层间的

In order to deeply analyze the distribution of maximum tensile strain during asphalt surface for Semi-rigid base asphalt pavement and compound base asphalt pavement , two types of typical structure were chosen, taking the Shell designing software BISAR 3.0 as calculation tool, considering two kinds interface contact condition of complete continuousness and not incomplete continuousness, then a comprehensive analysis was made on the maximum tensile strain of every structure on the basis different interface contact condition.

摘 要：为深入分析半刚性基层沥青路面和复合式基层沥青路面面层内的最大拉应变的规律，选取两类沥青路面的典型结构，采用壳牌设计软件 BISAR 3.0为计算工具，考虑层间完全连续状态以及不完全连续两种状态，对各结构在不同的层间结合条件下沥青层最大拉应变进行了比较和分析。

The result indicates that all the reservoirs have the characteristics that the mineral maturity is low but the structure maturity is high; the porosity types are primal grain porosity and dissolution porosity est., The physical property is middle pore and low permeability , middle pore and very low permeability; Sedimentary environment, petrology composition and radius, composition and amount, and the digenesis are all the factors that influence the reservoirs.

结果表明：延长组储层具有成分成熟度低而结构成熟度高的特点；孔隙类型主要为粒间孔，溶蚀孔，晶间孔和微裂隙等；属于中孔，低渗型和中孔，特低渗型储层。影响储层物性的主要因素是沉积环境和沉积相，碎屑颗粒成分及粒度，填隙物成分及含量，成岩作用等。该研究对制定油田开发方案和提高油气采收率具有重要意义。

At first in the preliminary design this paper computes the linear damping coefficient of the viscous damper employed in this project using Composite Response Spectra approach, meantime, this paper proves that reducing the exponent of velocity of the piston can increase the magnitude of the dissipative energy, because of the viscous damper employed in the practical project character nonlinear behavior; next this chapter performs analysis and comparison between the building without and with the viscous dampers aforementioned when the building suffers from various Time Domain Response, from the angle of displacement, interstroy drift, velocity, interstory velocity, acceleration, energy, maximum axial force of the dampers and of the column etc., in order to prove that the incorporating the viscous dampers into the buildings has great superiority on enhancing its aseismic performance ; furthermore, this chapter also expatiates on diverse assembly form of the viscous dampers that results in the adverse impact on the internal force of the structural member in this building, on the ground of which this segment bring about the preference of the assembly form of the viscous damper; finally this chapter points out the sphere of application of the analysis and computation using Composite Response Spectra approach in design: it is available in well-proportioned stiffness structures and isn抰 available in the structures that contain weak story. It is recommendable, particularly, to incorporate the fluid viscous dampers into this structure that contain weak story to refrain earthquake and reinforce, such as the Central Hall of Shanghai Exhibition Hall.

首先使用了反应谱分析法设计出欲附设的粘滞阻尼器的线性阻尼系数，由于实际工程所用的粘滞阻尼器具有非线性的特性，故而笔者又证明了降低速度指数对提高粘滞阻尼器的耗能量的优势所在；接着分别从位移、层间位移、速度、层间速度、加速度、能量、最大阻尼出力和柱轴力等不同的角度对结构在附设粘滞阻尼器前后的时程反应进行了分析对比，籍此在实际工程中证明了附设粘滞阻尼器对于提高结构的抗震性能的优越性；再者，笔者还阐述了采用不同的粘滞阻尼器布置方式对结构中构件内力特别是柱轴力和基座竖向反力产生的不利影响，并在此基础上提出了布置方式的优选；最后，指出了反应谱法在设计中的适用范围：对于均匀结构反应谱法能够使用，而对于含有薄弱层的结构反应谱法并不适用；对于类似于上海展览馆中央大厅的含薄弱层的结构尤其值得使用粘滞阻尼器的方法进行抗震加固。

The interlaminar shear strength of materials is 27MPa, which is enhanced by the fibers vertical to layers.

材料的层间剪切强度为27MPa，垂直无纬布和胎网铺层的纤维束避免了材料的层间开裂现象。

Therefore,tapping potencial of remaining oil to improving oil recovery,the recognition of reservoir intraformational heterogeneity in channel sandbodies is proposed and the main targets of reservoir IOR in channel sandbodies of mature oilfields are pointed out as follows:①shutting off strongly-waterflooded intervals to control ineffective circulation of injected water;②strengthening water washing in medium-waterflooded intervals in order to achieve the aimed waterflood efficiency and even to exceed it;③enhancing injection-production consistency and injector-producer ratio of non-waterflooded or weakly-waterflooded intervals for the propose of realizing effective displacement and imporving conforma nce.

根据我国东部主力油田储层绝大多数都属于河道砂体，注水开发进入高含水阶段后，层内剩余油超过层间剩余油，层内矛盾上升为主要矛盾这一特点，从挖掘层内剩余油潜力出发，提出要重新认识河流砂体储层层内非均质性，并指出高含水期河流砂体储层改善采油目标主要有：①封堵强水洗段，控制注入水无效循环；②加大中水洗段注水冲洗强度，达到目标水驱效率，并有可能超过目标效率；③提高未、弱水洗段的注采对应程度和注采井数比，达到有效驱替，提高波及程度。

The phase contents and microstructure of the plasma-sprayed coatings were investigated by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The surface roughness of the grit-blasted Ti alloy and the ZrO2 bond coat was measured by a surface recorder.

并藉由以上两个涂层系统，探讨HA 涂层本身层间内聚强度之提升及引入ZrO2介层后，对涂层与钛合金间键结强度之影响，并比较两强化机制间之差异，进而推论HA 涂层的主要结构弱点。

Firstly, according to study dynamic changes of the elements structures in succession about natural and artificial forest, then summarized regular patterns;at the same time.based on the study of Coupling Relationship between structure and function of water conservation forest established the ideal structures from the stand level and the watershed level. The ideal structures from the stand level: uneven-aged, double layer and mixed structure, and trend to natural forest. The watershed level followed the same principle, that is double layer patches, uneven-aged forest well-distributed and to build up different forest patches in watershed.

首先，经过对北京山区水源林天然林和人工林结构要素的演替动态研究，提出其发展规律，同时依据水源林结构与功能耦合关系研究，从林分层次和流域层次上分别构建了水源林的理想结构，其中，林分层次上水源林的理想结构为：异龄、复层、混交的结构状态，林分结构趋于天然林结构的特征；在流域层次上水源林的理想结构为也应形成&复层&、&异龄&、&混交&的结构，即：在流域各水源林斑块间形成林冠层复层、斑块内部乔木、灌木、草本层的复层；不同水源林年龄面积上的均匀分布；形成不同水源林斑块间的镶嵌分布。

And the cases of concrete frame structures of tier building and tall building, which were based on the interaction analysis model and in which the sites and the earthquake ground motions were considered, were designed.

分析表明：相互作用对结构的弹塑性变形的影响不容忽视，考虑相互作用后梁柱塑性铰出现的程度降低；结构底部位移增加而顶部位移减小；薄弱层的层间位移可能增加而其余层的层间位移则减小。

Self-fluxing Fe-Cr-Ni-B-Si alloy prowders are laser clad on medium carbon steel substrate of dimensions 80×35×10mm〓. The investigation results of this clad layer are: micro-defects, micro-cavity and occluded forin substance, are the micro-cracks and crack resourses in clad layer; crack of coating propagates along the boundary of two kinds of eutectic sutructure; The included angle θ between the cracking direction and laser scanning direction in multitrack overlapping clad is smaller than that in one-track clad because of crack propagating along crystalline growth direction and crystalline direction in overlapping zone being different from it in one-track clad.

在调质态的45〓钢表面，采用预置粉末法进行FeCrNiBSi合金的多道搭接激光熔覆，对其熔覆层进行分析表明：多道搭接激光熔覆层裂纹扩展方向与激光扫描方向间的夹角θ与单道熔覆时相比明显变小，前者θ0°，后者θ角基本都为90°，这主要是因为多道搭接时，搭接区结晶方向发生了变化以及裂纹沿结晶方向扩展所致；激光熔覆层裂纹大多是以覆层与基材交界面的孔洞、熔覆层内不同方向共晶团间的显微缩孔、夹杂物的边界等三种显微缺陷作为裂纹源，并沿低熔点物相形成元素偏析造成弱化膜的共晶团界面扩展延伸。

Presence of multiples leads to poor quality in main stages of offshore seismic data processing, such as velocity analysis, stacking and imaging. Three basic multiple attenuating methods are reviewed; and a more effective multiple attenuator is achieved by joining them. As the first step, shot or receiver records are extrapolated by wave-equation datum algorithms. The extrapolation will establish a model of waterbottom multiples. Waterbotton multiples will then be removed by subtracting the extrapolated records from the original records. After that, predictive deconvolution is used to attenuate the multiples created by source ghost. Finaly, RADON transformation is adopted to separate peg-leg multiples and residual water-bottom multiples from the original data in the τ-p domain.

地震勘探尤其是海上地震勘探中存在着各类多次波，由于多次波的存在严重影响了速度分析、叠加、偏移成像等地震资料处理，海上多次波主要有全程多次波和层间多次两大类，为了压制海上不同类型的多次波，本文首先分析波场外推、预测反褶积和拉东变换衰减不同多次波的理论基础，然后联合采用这些方法，分别衰减全程多次波和层间多次波；即：首先对炮记录或者接收点记录进行波场外推，建立海底多次波模型，预测并减去全程多次波，然后利用预测反褶积衰减掉周期性明显的多次波，最后将数据转换到τ-p 域，用拉冬变换根据同一时间多次波和有效波在速度等方面的差异，进一步分离层间多次波和剩余的全程多次波，并在该域中切除分离出的多次波，从而实现联合多次波衰减处理。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。