层间

The simulative results showed that the total heating loads in solar house were 24.4 % less than those in the reference house of no auxiliary heat sources in the whole heating period in Shenyang when indoor air temperature was 18℃ in the houses with ideal auxiliary heat.The effects of operation,structures and performance parameter of the solar thermal storage wall were analyzed.

无内通风口式集热蓄热墙冬季空气间层是密闭的，发挥了重质墙体的蓄热作用和空气间层的热阻作用，依靠导热向室内传递热量；有内通风口式集热蓄热墙依靠空气间层与室内的对流换热和墙体的导热两种方式向室内传递热量。

Tween flat seat bucket shop to make a single copy 4, the first meeting between the shop floor as a shop for five pairs of copy, and the 45-degree oblique China and the remaining layers make up between the Big Dipper as a single copy shop to make four, double only Chinese the third, five, seven, nine, eleven, thirteen addition to China, but also a 45-degree slope.

平座补间斗为单抄四铺作，第一层补间铺作为双抄五铺作，且为45度斜华，其余各层补间斗为单抄四铺作，双层只用华，第三、五、七、九、十一、十三层除华外，还出45度斜。

The result indicates that all the reservoirs have the characteristics that the mineral maturity is low but the structure maturity is high; the porosity types are primal grain porosity and dissolution porosity est., The physical property is middle pore and low permeability , middle pore and very low permeability; Sedimentary environment, petrology composition and radius, composition and amount, and the digenesis are all the factors that influence the reservoirs.

结果表明：延长组储层具有成分成熟度低而结构成熟度高的特点；孔隙类型主要为粒间孔，溶蚀孔，晶间孔和微裂隙等；属于中孔，低渗型和中孔，特低渗型储层。影响储层物性的主要因素是沉积环境和沉积相，碎屑颗粒成分及粒度，填隙物成分及含量，成岩作用等。该研究对制定油田开发方案和提高油气采收率具有重要意义。

Results: Large number of immunoreactive fibres was detected in lamina propria and muscularis mucosae. Strong staining of ganglion cells in the Auerbach's and the Meissner's plexus were observed on the normal specimens. There was very little or no immunoreactive fibre in the lamina propria and muscularis mucosae of the aganglionic bowel. However there was strong immunoreactivity in the perineurium of the hypertrophic nerve trunks in the submucosal and intramural layers of aganglionic segments.

结果： 正常肠段的粘膜固有层和粘膜肌层中有大量的P75NGFR阳性纤维，粘膜下和肌间神经丛中神经节细胞表现为P75NGFR强阳性，痉挛段肠管粘膜固有层和粘膜肌层中P75NGFR阳性纤维明显减少或缺如，粘膜下和肌间粗大神经纤维的神经束膜表现为P75NGFR强阳性，象一个环包绕在周围。

Strong staining of ganglion cells in the Auerbach's and the Meissner's plexus were observed on the normal specimens. There was very little or no immunoreactive fibre in the lamina propria and muscularis mucosae of the aganglionic bowel. However there was strong immunoreactivity in the perineurium of the hypertrophic nerve trunks in the submucosal and intramural layers of aganglionic segments.

结果： 正常肠段的粘膜固有层和粘膜肌层中有大量的P75NGFR阳性纤维，粘膜下和肌间神经丛中神经节细胞表现为P75NGFR强阳性，痉挛段肠管粘膜固有层和粘膜肌层中P75NGFR阳性纤维明显减少或缺如，粘膜下和肌间粗大神经纤维的神经束膜表现为P75NGFR强阳性，象一个环包绕在周围。

NGFR positive nerve fibres were markedly reduced or absent in muscular layer and submucous layer while the hypertrophic nerve trunks in myenteric and submucosal plexuses showed a sheath of intense staining in the aganglionic colon from patients with HD.

结果 丰富的NGFR染色阳性神经纤维分布于正常结肠环肌层及粘膜下层，少量分布于纵肌层，NGFR染色阳性神经元分布于肌间神经丛及粘膜下神经丛；NGFR 染色阳性神经纤维在HD无肌间神经节细胞肠段肌层及粘膜下层内明显减少或缺如，而肌间肥大的神经干及粘膜下神经干为NGFR染色阳性，并且在其外周可见一强阳性染色带。

The results show that, Au-19.25Ag-12.80Ge brazing alloy is better, its melting temperature range is 446.76494.40 ℃, and the temperature interval between the solidus and the liquidus is 47.64 ℃. When the brazing temperature is in the range of 510550 ℃, the alloy has a good spreadability and wettability with Ni. Interface structure observation reveals that there is one continuous intermetallic layer between the brazing alloy and the base metal Ni when welding. X-ray energy spectrum analysis results show that the intermetallic layer is Ge3Ni5, and because of its brittleness, the overthick intermetallic layer will decrease the shear strength of the welding joint, therefore, the welding technology should be controlled so as to gain an ideal welding interface structure.

研究结果表明：Au-19.25Ag-12.80Ge合金的性能较好，其熔化温度范围为446.76~494.40 ℃，结晶温度区间为47.64 ℃；焊接温度在510~550 ℃范围内时，Au-19.25Ag-12.80Ge钎料合金与Ni基体具有良好的铺展性和润湿性，焊接时钎料合金与Ni基体之间形成了一条连续的金属间化合物层，能谱分析表明该金属间化合物层为Ge3Ni5，由于该化合物较脆，过厚的金属间化合物层使焊接接头的剪切强度下降，故应适当控制焊接工艺以获得理想的焊接界面组织。

Therelationship between the turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate,whichis widely used to parameterize the dissipation rate in turbulence closure models,is found to hold well for both reversing and rotating flows,but with differentcoefficients.Microstructure profiling measurements at two comparative stations (a deepercentral basin and a local shelf break) in the stratified Yellow Sea are analyzed,with emphasis on tidal and internal-wave induced turbulence near the bottomand in the pyenocline.The water column has a distinct three-layer thermohaline structure,consisting of weakly stratified surface and bottom boundary layers anda narrow sharp pycnocline.Turbulence in the surface layer is controlled by thediurnal cycle of buoyancy flux and wind forcing at the sea surface.while thebottom stress induced by barotropic tidal eurrents dominates turbulence in thebottom boundary layer.The maximum level at which the tidally enhanced mixingcan affect generally depends on the magnitude of the tidal current,and it canbe up to 10-15 m in the Yellow Sea.This suggests that,in the deeper regionsof the shelf seas,turbulent dissipation and mixing are very weak at the levelsbetween the near-bottom tidally enhanced layer and the pycnocline.Therefore,these levels provide a significant bottle neck for the vertical exchanges.In theshallow regions,however,the tidally-induced turbulence can occupy the wholewater colum below the pycnocline.A quarter-diurnal periodicities of the turbulentdissipation rate and eddy diffusivity are found at different heights with evidenttime lag.In the relatively flat central basin,the pycnocline is essentially non-turbulent and internal-wave activity is very weak.Therefore,vertical fluxes acrossthe pycnocline decreased to molecular levels.In contrast,internal waves of variousperiods can be always found near the local shelf break.

对强层化季节黄海两对比性站位(分别位于中央海盆区与局地陆坡区)处层化、内波以及湍流混合特征的研究结果表明：1、强层化季节的陆架海水体一般呈现显著的三层热盐结构，在水体近乎混合均匀的上混合层与潮流底边界层之间为强跃层；2、近表层水体的湍流混合强度主要由海表浮力通量的日变化与海表风强迫控制，而在潮流底边界层内，潮混合是水体热量、物质、动量与能量垂直交换的主要机制；3、潮混合影响的深度由潮流大小决定，在黄海，一般可达10-15 m，因此，在水深较深的区域，在跃层与潮混合所至深度范围的上界之间存在湍流混合非常弱的区域，这显著抑制水体内物质的垂直通量，为物质垂直交换的瓶颈，而在水深较浅的区域，潮混合影响范围可至跃层底部，因此物质在跃层以下整个水体中混合非常均匀，当跃层内间歇性强混合发生时，可以产生显著的跨跃层物质输运；4、近底潮致强湍流耗散缓慢地向上传播，底上不同深度处垂直湍扩散系数也具有显著的位相差异，且二者均随时间呈现四分之一周日周期的变化；5、在地形较为平坦的中央海盆区，内波活动非常微弱，因此跃层内湍流混合非常弱，垂直扩散系数为分子扩散水平，跨跃层物质通量受到显著抑制，而在地形变化较为显著的局地陆坡区，内波活动非常活跃，除内潮的影响外，高频内波与内孤立波的影响也很显著，因此跃层内存在很强的间歇性强混合，内孤立波存在的区域，水体湍流混合显著增强。

In rat esophagus, the positive varicosities and fibres could be observed in the circular muscle layer and the muscularis mucosae layer at 21st day before birth. With the development of rat digestive tract, neurokinin A-immunoreactivity positive nerves could be observed gradually in the epithelium, submucosa, longitudinal muscle layer, myenteric plexus and submucosal plexes, while mature nerve fibres could be seen at one month after birth. 2. In rat stomach, the positive reaction of NKA initially happened in the myenteric plexus at the 14th day of embryo, and then appeared on circular muscles, longitudinal muscles, submucosal, muscularis mucosae, lamina propria and epithelium. 30 days after birth, expression of NKA is same as seen in adaulthood. 3. In rat small intestinal, the NKA-IR could first be found in the myenteric plexus of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum at 14th , 15th and 17th day before birth respectively. Then the NKA-IR occurred in the longitudinal muscle layer, circular muscle layer, intestinal villus, intestinal gland, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, submucosal plexes, mucosa plexus and deep muscular plexus.

结果 1、在食管，于胚胎21天的粘膜肌层和环肌层内观察到神经激肽A免疫阳性膨体纤维，出生后，随幼鼠的生长发育，相继在上皮，粘膜下层，纵肌层、肌间丛、粘膜下丛有NKA-IR表达，30天时已和成年鼠相似；2、在胃，首先于胚胎14天的肌间丛出现NKA-IR的表达，随发育相继在环肌、纵肌，粘膜下层、粘膜肌、固有膜及上皮内出现NKA-IR的表达，30天时具备成年鼠的分布特征；3、在小肠，分别于胚胎14、15、17天的十二指肠、空肠和回肠的肌间丛处出现NKA-IR的表达，随发育相继出现在纵肌、环肌、绒毛、小肠腺周、粘膜肌、粘膜下层、粘膜下丛、粘膜丛、深肌丛。

Self-fluxing Fe-Cr-Ni-B-Si alloy prowders are laser clad on medium carbon steel substrate of dimensions 80×35×10mm〓. The investigation results of this clad layer are: micro-defects, micro-cavity and occluded forin substance, are the micro-cracks and crack resourses in clad layer; crack of coating propagates along the boundary of two kinds of eutectic sutructure; The included angle θ between the cracking direction and laser scanning direction in multitrack overlapping clad is smaller than that in one-track clad because of crack propagating along crystalline growth direction and crystalline direction in overlapping zone being different from it in one-track clad.

在调质态的45〓钢表面，采用预置粉末法进行FeCrNiBSi合金的多道搭接激光熔覆，对其熔覆层进行分析表明：多道搭接激光熔覆层裂纹扩展方向与激光扫描方向间的夹角θ与单道熔覆时相比明显变小，前者θ0°，后者θ角基本都为90°，这主要是因为多道搭接时，搭接区结晶方向发生了变化以及裂纹沿结晶方向扩展所致；激光熔覆层裂纹大多是以覆层与基材交界面的孔洞、熔覆层内不同方向共晶团间的显微缩孔、夹杂物的边界等三种显微缺陷作为裂纹源，并沿低熔点物相形成元素偏析造成弱化膜的共晶团界面扩展延伸。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。