层的

If the TBCs system is homogeneous, the TGO will take on relatively regular and periodical undulation. Unfortunately, in actual situation, some abnormal thick areas will be presented in TGO, which is in single-layer or multi-layer form. In SEM, it can be seen that such protrusion areas originate from TGO, and penetrate into bond coat layer gradually with the increment of oxidation time, namely, the oxidation localization phenomenon occurs.

如果体系均匀，则TGO层将表现出较规则的周期状起伏，但在实际服役过程中，TGO层经常出现单个的异常厚部位或多层的异常厚部位，在扫描电镜图上呈现出钉子状或瘤状的局部突起物，这种突起物源于氧化层，并随着高温工作时间的延长向粘结层中扩展，即发生了氧化局域化现象。

The enhance nient of the corrosion resistance laser dadoling of the CNTs/Ni60 coatings is due to that the reserved carbon nanotubes in the coatings segregate the corrosive medium and promote N-based alloy passivation, the formed phases of the carbide and the reserved carbon nanotubes homogenous distribution in the claddings resist die corrosion.

碳纳米管／镍基激光熔覆层耐腐蚀的原因在于熔覆层保留的碳纳米管使熔覆层更加致密，隔离了腐蚀介质，促进了镍基合金的钝化，从而提高了熔覆层的耐蚀性；同时，熔覆层中保留下来的碳纳米管和被分解的碳纳米管与金属基体形成碳化物，作为增强相均匀弥散在熔覆层中，它们的存在阻止了腐蚀坑的长大，因而蚀坑较小，耐腐蚀性得到提高。

The integrated framework of the whole system turns into three layers of structure: The first layer is integration among the subsystems, for example guard against theft and report to the police with the integration among CCTV, set up OPC server on the basis of first floor of integration, form second layers of integration, OPC server goes to the administrative center of information to integrate as the third floor.

整个系统的集成构架变成三层结构：第一层是子系统间的集成，比如防盗报警与CCTV间的集成，在第一层集成的基础上设置OPC服务器，形成第二层的集成，OPC服务器到信息管理中心作为第三层集成。

The business logic, mesosphere, to become the kernel at processing transaction since the three－layer architecture lodged, and it become to the main storage process because of independent from data storage layer.

EJB是商业逻辑层的构件技术，他提供了事务处理的能力，自从三层体系结构提出，中间层，也就是商业逻辑层，是处理事务的核心。由于从数据存储层分离，他就取代了存储进程的大部分地位。

The External Layer The external layer or external model is the second layer of abstraction in the database.This layer is composed of the user views discussed earlier, which are collectively called the subschema.

外部层 外部层或外部模型是第二层的抽象数据库这一层是由用户视图，这是先前讨论过的统称为子模式。

Our calculated results show that the surface face-centered cubic sites are the most favorable sites at 0.25 monolayer, however, the system with a half of the oxygen adatoms taking the fcc sites and the other half taking the octahedral sites between the second and third layer Octa(2,3) is the most stable configuration at 0.50 ML. When the oxygen coverage is larger than 1.0 ML, each of the oxygen atoms prefer separately taking the fcc and octahedral sites such as Octa(2,3), Octa(4,5) and etc. in the alternate layers.

我们的计算结果表明，在覆盖度为0.25单层时，氧原子占据表面面心立方位置最稳定；在覆盖度为0.50ML时，氧原子同时占据表面fcc位置及第二层和第三层之间的八面体Octa(2，3)位置最稳定；在覆盖度大于等于1.00ML时，氧原子喜欢同时占据间隔一个间隙层的表面和八面体间隙位置，如表面fcc位置、第二和第三层之间的八面体Octa(2，3)位置、第四和第五层之间的八面体Octa(4，5)位置等。

Firstly, according to study dynamic changes of the elements structures in succession about natural and artificial forest, then summarized regular patterns;at the same time.based on the study of Coupling Relationship between structure and function of water conservation forest established the ideal structures from the stand level and the watershed level. The ideal structures from the stand level: uneven-aged, double layer and mixed structure, and trend to natural forest. The watershed level followed the same principle, that is double layer patches, uneven-aged forest well-distributed and to build up different forest patches in watershed.

首先，经过对北京山区水源林天然林和人工林结构要素的演替动态研究，提出其发展规律，同时依据水源林结构与功能耦合关系研究，从林分层次和流域层次上分别构建了水源林的理想结构，其中，林分层次上水源林的理想结构为：异龄、复层、混交的结构状态，林分结构趋于天然林结构的特征；在流域层次上水源林的理想结构为也应形成&复层&、&异龄&、&混交&的结构，即：在流域各水源林斑块间形成林冠层复层、斑块内部乔木、灌木、草本层的复层；不同水源林年龄面积上的均匀分布；形成不同水源林斑块间的镶嵌分布。

The lower seal coat used in construction usually has two functions,connection for penetration and protection for seal coat. It is of great significance to have connection layer between base layer and surface layer during the pavement construction in the northern parts of China.

我们在施工中所采用的下封层往往都具有双重作用，既要有透层的联结作用，又要有封层的保护作用，因此在北方路面中基层与面层间设置联结层具有十分重要的意义。

Waterproof functions and construction of prime coat and sub- seal coat of expressway;2. The lower seal coat used in construction usually has two functions,connection for penetration and protection for seal coat .

我们在施工中所采用的下封层往往都具有双重作用，既要有透层的联结作用，又要有封层的保护作用，因此在北方路面中基层与面层间设置联结层具有十分重要的意义。

Firstly, we investigate the influence of the hole injection layer on the performance of the OLED. Evidence shows that m-MTDATA exhibits a dense film structure and fine surface morphology, leading to easy hole migration. Furthermore, a low-voltage driving of OLEDs has been achieved by doping 4F-TCNQ into m-MTDATA layer. Secondly, we obtain a highly efficient OLED by using a new oxidiazoles, an efficient electron-transporting molecular materials. Finally, we have realized the efficient electron injection and transport in organic light-emitting diodes using an electron-transport layer composed of BPhen with Liq co-deposited layer. With this cohost strategy, we improve the power efficiency by～21 % while reduce the driving voltage by～13%.

首先研究了不同空穴传输层对有机电致发光器件的影响，结果表明，由于m-MTDATA具有良好的成膜性，以及空穴注入能力，可以改善空穴向发光层的注入，提高了器件的效率，进一步在m-MTDATA中掺入4F-TCNQ可以显著降低器件的驱动电压；其次，利用一种新型含氟噁二唑类衍生物做电子注入层获得了高效有机薄膜电致发光器件；最后，研究了Bphen：Liq混合层的电子传输特性，表明混合层的电子传输能力显著提高，基于共基质电子传输层的器件的电压比传统器件降低了13％而效率却提高了21％。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。