层理论的

Laser's characteristic as a shock wave drive and the advantages of KrF laser are explained. Finally, the progress at home and abroad is enumerated.In chapter two, the basic principle of the EOS study is introduced. Specially, the impedance mismatch effect of the double-layer flyer is mentioned here. It is the primary theoretical basis of this paper.In chapter three, a one-dimension, three-temperature hydrodynamic code HYADES is introduced briefly. it is used to make a qualitative analysis about how the thickness of ablator affect the flyer velocities and stability.In chapter four, the experimental setup is described.

第一章为绪论部分，简要总结了状态方程研究的历史，激光作为冲击波驱动源的特点和KrF激光的优势，以及国内外的进展情况；第二章是本工作的理论基础，讨论了冲击波物理和雨贡纽曲线测量的基本原理和方法，重点介绍了激光飞片法的特点、关键要素和双层飞片的阻抗失配效应，鉴于KrF激光短波长和长脉宽的特点，我们拟对双层飞片的特性展丌研究工作，为实测状态方程做好准备；第三章简单介绍了一维三温流体力学数值模拟程序Hyades并运用它进行了若干状态方程实验的计算和设计，进行了烧蚀层厚度对飞片速度、稳定性的影响的定性分析；第四章是实验平台描述部分，介绍了光束平滑化技术，靶的制作，条纹相机的原理和使用，系统同步控制以及光学记录速度干涉仪系统的简单原理和构成。

With the investigation of the domestic and foreign literature systematically, the bases on the domestic and foreign present research and the comprehensive utilizations of the various knowledge of fluid mechanics in porous medium, reservoir engineering, mathematical physics, perforation completion, numerical simulation and so on, this article takes numerical simulation of gas reservoir of water solubility as the research aim which has completed following research works and obtained the corresponding research results: it analyzes the nature of the Water-soluble gas and formation water as well as the influent factors of the solubility through the study of massive materials; It establishes mathematical models three-dimension, the dual medium, the gas-water phase through the way of finite difference in the migration of water-soluble gas, which describes the entire process of release, migration and production in formation, where it considered the problems of variable bubble point; According to the numerical models of gas reservoir of water solubility it provides solution procedure that based on black oil model; It discovers that there will obtain the good effects in the lowly speed of development through simulation; the reinjection of formation water may largely enhance the produce degree of water-soluble gas when we consider reinjection in simulator; It considered the influence of perforated completion on development so as to increase the simulator"s versatility, It discovers that the simulator may reflect the conditions of development when we exanimate he simulator"s reliability with the empirical datum.

本文以水溶性气藏数值模拟研究为研究目标，在系统调研国内外文献、深入分析国内外研究现状的基础上，综合利用渗流力学、油气藏工程、数学物理方法、射孔完井以及数值模拟理论等多方面的知识，完成了以下研究工作并取得相应的研究成果；①通过对大量的资料调研，分析了水溶气、地层水性质、储层地质性质以及影响气体在水中溶解度的因素。②考虑到由于高压产生的大量水力裂缝，采用有限差分方法建立水溶气运移的三维、双重介质、气-水两相全隐式数学模型，该模型描述了水溶气在地层中的释放、运移和采出的整个过程。③在原有黑油模型的基础上，根据水溶性气藏数值模型编制了该数值模型的求解程序，该程序可以求解单重、双重介质两种情况。④通过模拟不同开采速度对水溶气开发效果的影响，发现开采速度较慢的时候可以取得较好的开采效果。⑤在模拟器中考虑了注水对水溶性气藏开发的影响，地层水回注可以大幅度提高水溶气的采出程度。⑥为增加模拟器的通用性，在模拟器中考虑了射孔完井方式对开采的影响。⑦检验模拟器计算的可靠性，发现在使用实验数据对水溶性气藏进行模拟时，模拟器可以很好的反映气藏开发的状态。

The geometry of canopy and interception of photosynthetically active radiation were measured.

通过实测和理论计算，结果表明：高原地区冬小麦叶片比平原地区的更趋于直立，具有比平原地区低的消光系数，能够容纳较大的绿叶面积和有效穗数；当冠层对PAR的截获率趋于饱和时，高原地区麦田可容纳的最大绿叶面积可达8.6，是平原地区的1.4倍左右；开花到成熟期间的叶日积大约可达平原地区的2倍，绿叶面积持续时间长；整个生长季期间，高原地区的PAR总量是平原地区的1.7倍，单位绿叶面积所截获的PAR是平原地区的1.3倍，又由于其叶片的趋于直立，故从上到下叶片受光比平原地区更均匀和充分，群体光合潜力高，对PAR的利用率更高。

Resultantly, the individual warm/cold events in ENSO cycle appear to be partially locked to the annual cycle, and also exhibit obvious irregularity both in amplitude and in lasting time.

本文第四章研制设计了一包含海洋表面边界层和大气辐合反馈过程的热带太平洋海气耦合异常模式，进而利用该模式对ENSO循环进行了较为真实的模拟，通过对模式ENSO循环的演变特征及其形成机制的细致分析，建立了-ENSO循环的非线性分析模式，并提出了ENSO循环形成的一种更为客观的理论，指出：1）和观测事实类似，模式ENSO循环确实涉及了三种主要时间尺度过程即LF、QB和AC，其中LF为3-4年主周期振荡，QB占总方差10～20%；2）ENSO循环的正反馈机制是不稳定海气相互作用过程，且这一不稳定过程的发展在暖态中明显强于冷态；3）ENSO循环的负反馈机制在冷暖态中表现不同，在冷态消亡过程中，这种负反馈过程主要表现为西边界反射产生的时滞效应，但在暖态消亡过程中不存在类似的时滞效应，其负反馈过程主要表现为在海气耦合不稳定充分发展时伴随的赤道两侧冷水上翻过程的加强以及非线性过程的衰减作用抑制了不稳定的发展并最终使得系统回复至冷态；4）ENSO循环的3-4年主周期振荡是一非线性系统的自激振荡现象，其形成是线性系统的本征模即准两年振荡通过非线性机制产生的周期加倍所致，其中&单向性&大气辐合反馈加热过程对其形成至关重要；5）虽然年循环过程对ENSO循环形成没有本质影响，但它可明显影响ENSO循环的具体振幅和位相，使得ENSO对季节循环有明显的&锁相&特征，并且也使得ENSO循环在振幅大小和时间长短方面呈现出明显的不规则性。

At the super-low permeable reservior sandstone of Fu and Yang in Daqing Oilfield, many pore throats exist a lot in the types of compacted and restored flakes and curved lamellas while the pore volume of micropore and the thin, compacted and shrunken throat that contribute little to flow take large scale in the total pore space. Thereof high filtrational resistance is caused by much trouble including high content of reservoir shale, serious sensibility to pressure at waterflooding, remarkable effects of undersaturation and water blocks in micropore. A method with laboratory experiment, theoretical confirmation and field application included was adopted to analyze the non-linear flow characteristics, to reveal the deep mechanism of pinhole enveloping macropore and to provide a new technology of improving the development effect. The outcomes aquired are as follows: Multiple cores with different low and super-low permeability were selected to perform seepage experiments by gas, water and oil. Three fields of flow were observed in the reservoir at different low and super-low core permeability. They are pseudo- elastic flow, transition flow and plastic creep flow. So the concept that there was no correlation of rocky absolute permeability with fluid properties that pasted itself was broken up. Two-phase seepage of water displacing oil in uniform super-low permeability shows that the two-phase seepage zone is narrow.

针对大庆油田扶、杨特低渗透油层砂岩孔隙喉道的大小和形态以压实再生型片状、弯片状喉道分布较广，压实、缩小型细喉道型，微孔不可流动的孔隙体积所占总孔隙体积的比例较大的特点；及储层泥质含量高，注水开发中压力敏感性强、微孔隙欠饱和及水锁效应显著，导致流体渗流阻力增大的问题，本文采用室内实验、理论推证和矿场应用相结合的方法，研究、分析了流体非线性渗流特征，更深刻地揭示出小孔包围大孔的机理及产生原因，并提供了改善开发效果的新的技术方法，取得如下成果：选择不同渗透率的低渗透、特低渗透岩心，进行了气、水和油单相渗流实验，揭示出当岩心渗透率不同时，油层内的流体呈现出拟弹性流变、过渡流变、塑性蠕变三种流变区，从而打破了岩心的绝对渗透率与通过岩心流体性质无关的观点；同类特低渗透岩心的水驱油两相渗流实验表明，两相渗流区较窄。

Based on present researches,by means of modern measurement and analysis techniques,systemic laboratory experiments,field investigations and through theory researches were conducted.And following are the major points and achievements presented in this dissertation:①The micro-convexity on fracture plane was studied.Analyzing and comparing the static attribute and dynamic variation of natural fracture with the artificial,untreated fracture,artificial and scabbled fracture as well,making out the criteria that artificial and scabbled fracture simulate natural fracture.②We take the effect of all the three primary stresses and stress invariant into account in the Lade-dbl yield criterion,which can preferably reflect all the yield and destruction characteristic of the rock material.

结合裂缝性储层应力敏感性研究现状，利用现代化测试手段，通过系列的室内实验以及深入的理论探讨，本文取得的研究成果包括以下几个方面：①从裂缝面上的微凸体入手，分析和对比了天然裂缝、人工但未经过处理的裂缝，以及经过粗化处理以后的人工裂缝的静态特征和动态变化，指出了经过粗化处理以后的人工裂缝模拟天然裂缝的依据；②Lade双曲服面屈服准则考虑了所有三个主应力或应力不变量对屈服与破坏的影响，能够较好的反应岩石材料的所有屈服和破坏特性。

The paper analyses the concurrent quotation theory inland and overseas, the actuality of quotation business, the component of mould price, incorporates mould base quotation operation flow and characteristic, compares currently popular quotation theories and methods, and selects appropriate quotation method of mould base. Then the paper analyses enterprise's operation chain and investigates the operation management system of mould base quotation based on Web three-tier structure and key techniques, and finishes the whole system's design and empolders the main modules through combining the technology of network and database and operation management. This paper introduces the current popular B/S three-tier structure and classical technology of MVC design pattern on J2EE platform.

本文首先分析了相关的国内外研究以及当前模具报价的现状，并在研究了模架价格构成及报价理论和方法，同时结合模架报价业务流程和特点的基础上，通过比较当前较流行的几种报价方法，选择了合适的模架报价方法，然后针对中国广大模架生产企业的现状，通过对企业业务链的分析，主要围绕模架生产企业的报价业务管理信息系统和其中的关键技术进行了研究；结合网络、数据库技术和业务管理技术完成了基于Web的模架报价业务管理信息系统总体设计；对其中的主要模块进行了开发，并对当前流行的B/S三层体系结构和基于J2EE开发平台的经典MVC设计模型技术进行了介绍。

Some primary metering grooves with different curvature radiuses and geometrical dimensions were designed,and the hydraulic characteristics of them were all tested Based on the experiment results, different flow characteristics of them were obtained The great differences between the experimental results and the conventional theoretical predictions were found by the comparison between them Under the condition of this experiment, the critical Reynolds is 1000～1200, and is diminished as the decrease of th...

为了在设计层板发汗冷却推力室时选择合适的一次调节通道，对不同曲率半径、不同几何尺寸的一次调节通道进行了流阻试验，得出了不同几何尺寸的一次调节通道的流动特性。试验结果与经典的层流理论计算结果之间存在较大的差异。试验表明，一次调节通道的临界雷诺数随曲率半径的减小而减小，摩阻系数随曲率半径的减小而增加，并得出了相应条件下的一次调节通道摩阻系数的修正关系式，在层流范围内能较好地反映一次调节通道的流阻特性

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。