层理论的

Extinction Tomography technique is a new Process tomography technique which is presented and developed recently. It amalgamates the optical measurement technology and the theory of image reconstruction from projection, reconstructs the some parameters distribution of measured field through the modulated effect of measured matter to the light.

消光层析成像技术是近年来提出和发展起来的一种新型的计算机层析成像(Computed Tomography，CT)技术，它将光学测量技术与由投影重建图像的理论相融合，通过检测物质对光的调制效应来重建被测参量场的某些特性分布及参数。

Astract Extinction Tomography technique is a new Process tomography technique which is presented and developed recently. It amalgamates the optical measurement technology and the theory of image reconstruction from projection, reconstructs the some parameters distribution of measured field through the modulated effect of measured matter to the light.

消光层析成像技术是近年来提出和发展起来的一种新型的计算机层析成像(Computed Tomography，CT)技术，它将光学测量技术与由投影重建图像的理论相融合，通过检测物质对光的调制效应来重建被测参量场的某些特性分布及参数。

The theoretical analysis indicated because in the optical fiber core base mold and disseminates in the envelope as well as in the spreading level Whisperin between the g2gallery pattern coupling, caused the curving loss vibration, this article the curving loss has carried on the simulation analysis to the single model optical fiber in along with the bevelling radius change.

理论分析表明由于光纤纤芯中的基模和在包层以及涂覆层中传播的Whisperin g2gallery 模式之间的耦合，引起了弯曲损耗的振荡，本文对单模光纤中弯曲损耗随弯曲半径的变化进行了仿真分析。

This research achievements is the result at the base of field geologic data colligating with the data of some drilling and seismic, and of the combining of sedimentology and tectonic geology researches, theory and practice researches, actual measurement of skeleton sections and observation of complemented sections, macroscopical studies and microcosmic studies. The classification and characteristics of sedimentary system and the genetic types and expression form are systematically analyzed in the thesis, and the division scheme of the Youjiang basin is put forward.

研究成果是以大量的野外地质资料为基础，综合了部分钻井和少量地震等资料，采取沉积研究和构造研究相结合、理论研究和实际研究相结合、实测基干剖面与补充观察剖面研究剖面相结合、宏观研究和微观研究相结合的方法，系统地分析了右江盆地的沉积体系种类和特征、层序界面的成因类型和表现形式，进而提出了右江盆地的层序划分方案。

The research results are as follow: 1. Through the air convection experiment in laboratory, we find that the real measurement of natural convection in laboratory under obturated circumstances is almost sameness to theory calculation. The most notable part of air convection is in the middle part of crushed stones. The bigger the size of the crushed stones is, the bigger the measured wind value is.

主要结论如下： 1、通过室内模拟自然对流试验，得出在室内封闭条件下测得的自然对流效应跟理论计算值相差不大，自然对流效应最明显的部分位于块石层的中间部位；实测的对流涡包都是由一开始的无序状态往块石层的中间部位发展；随着块石粒径的增大，测得的最大风速值也随之增大。

The second level, based on the equilibrium theory and on the degree of market function, divides the county economy into ideal, theoretical and realistic state to propose the request for county government that it should be an effective government which orientates toward the one of serving and guiding the development.

第二层，引入均衡概念，以市场机制发挥作用的程度为依据，从理论上将县域经济划分为理想、理论和现实三种状态，据此提出了县域经济发展对县级政府职能的现实要求，即县级政府应当成为&有效政府&，其定位为&发展导向的服务型政府&。

In order to solve the frost heave and thaw settlement, the model tests were made in Tibetan Plateau. Two kinds of model were designed to horizontal drain structure embankment and the ventilation embankment in suit. The effect of horizontal plastic drain was analyzed in contrast with the ventilation embankment. The mechanisms of horizontal plastic drain were studied in permafrost, such as gravity draining in the superficial layer and structure stiffing in the embankment in the theory. According to the design theory, the parameters of horizontal plastic drain were confirmed in the embankment. The values of deformation were inspected by fiber monitor system in the permafrost embankment.

为了解决青藏高原的冻土浅层雨季雨水下渗和蒸发所产生的冻土冻胀与融沉问题，在青藏高原开展水平排水板结构性路基和普通通风路基的原位模型对比试验，并从理论上探讨水平排水板在多年冻土路基中浅层重力排水和结构加劲的作用机理，确定水平排水板的铺设参数；运用光纤监测技术对水平排水板在多年冻土路基中的变形进行监测，对比分析水平排水板铺设与否这2种条件下冻土路基变形监测结果。

Two kinds of model were designed to horizontal drain structure embankment and the ventilation embankment in suit. The effect of horizontal plastic drain was analyzed in contrast with the ventilation embankment. The mechanisms of horizontal plastic drain were studied in permafrost, such as gravity draining in the superficial layer and structure stiffing in the embankment in the theory. According to the design theory, the parameters of horizontal plastic drain were confirmed in the embankment. The values of deformation were inspected by fiber monitor system in the permafrost embankment.

摘 要：为了解决青藏高原的冻土浅层雨季雨水下渗和蒸发所产生的冻土冻胀与融沉问题，在青藏高原开展水平排水板结构性路基和普通通风路基的原位模型对比试验，并从理论上探讨水平排水板在多年冻土路基中浅层重力排水和结构加劲的作用机理，确定水平排水板的铺设参数；运用光纤监测技术对水平排水板在多年冻土路基中的变形进行监测，对比分析水平排水板铺设与否这2种条件下冻土路基变形监测结果。

Finally, the techniques of time-serial measurement for transient flow field, three-dimensiqonal tomography, computer image processing and the theories above quantitative calculation studied in the thesis are used to measure the free jet flow field of real rocket, the flow field of bore nozlle, impingment field of exhusted jet, three-dimensional flow field in hypersonic shock tunnel, the flow field of boundary layer transition, explosive and combustion flow field of detonating powder and 3-D temperature field.

最后，利用本文所研究的瞬态流场时间序列定量测试技术，三维C.T技术，计算机图像处理技术和定量计算理论等对真实火箭燃气射流场，膛口流场，燃气射流冲击场，高超音速激波风洞中的三维流场，模型边界层转捩区流场，起爆药爆轰流场和燃烧场、三维温度场等进行测试，取得了一些国际上首创性的成果，并对实现上发现的一些新现象进行理论分析和解释。

Second, considering the influence of well resistance, smear effect and structure breakage of thick soft clay, the equivalent calculation method is proposed. That is, the partially penetrating sand drain ground is viewed as the double-layered ground, and its consolidation is analyzed with 1-D consolidation theory, through the transformation from 3-D consolidation to 1-D consolidation in the region of sand drain. This can overcome the disadvantage that the excess pore water is discontinuous between the region of sand drain and under-lying soft layer. To the double-layered ground, based on the consolidation mechanism under surcharge, the excess pore water pressure calculation formula is deduced under the condition of multilevel equably loading or unloading, which perfects the consolidation theory.

然后，在充分考虑竖井区井阻、涂抹作用以及土体结构损伤破坏对固结影响的基础上，将未打穿竖井地基合理地转化为双层地基，按一维固结理论计算，克服了传统固结计算方法在竖井处理区与下卧层交界面处存在孔压间断的缺点；在此基础上，从超载预压法的基本原理出发，分析了双层地基超载预压固结、沉降机理，推导了多级等速加、卸载情况下双层地基的固结计算公式，进一步完善了双层地基固结理论。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。