层次语法

It separated 3-D space, 2-D space, temporal space and abstract space (focused on the first 3). 3-D space/2-D space belong to the same category in syntactic model; but 2-D space/ temporal space /abstract space share the same category when we talked about how to confirm the spatial direction. 2. It investigated a spatial system proposed by Mr. Qi Huyang, and argued that there is necessity to modify this system. 3. It enumerated a series of grammatical forms which are involved in the "Spatial System", and pointed out that there exits a relation among these forms: words representing "Spatial and Locative"→ phrases representing "Spatial and Locative"→ sentences representing "Spatial and Locative".

第三章研究"空间系统"的子系统。1、分出立体空间、线性空间、时间和抽象空间几大领域，在句法上，立体空间/线性空间是一类；但在如何确定方向场的问题上，线性空间/时间/抽象空间是一类。2、省视了齐沪扬先生已提出的一个空间系统体系，指出很有改进的必要。3、归纳了"空间系统"所涉及的各种语法形式，并指出它们构成"表示空间方位意义的词→表示空间方位意义的短语→表示空间方位意义的句子"的层次关系。4、辨析各种语法形式的语义域及其语义结构，并考察语法意义与语法形式的对应情况。

Problems in the Aspectual study of English and Chinese include : there is confusion between Grammatical Aspect and Situation Grammatical Aspect is treated as appendage to the Verb Little consideration has ever been contributed to the oppositeness of the system of Grammatical Aspect and the syntagmatic relations between Markers of Grammatical Aspect have never .

英汉语言中有关体范畴的研究存有下列一些问题：语法体和情状混淆不清，语法体被置于动词的附庸地位；对语法体系统的对立本质特征认识不够深入；特别是对语法体标记之间的横向关系探讨没有上升到理论层次。

The relevant theories were information theory, categorical grammar, transformational-generative grammar, dependency grammar, and stratificational grammar in the 1950s and 1960s; artificial intelligence, non-linguistic knowledge bases, formalisms such as lexical-functional grammar, generalized phrase structure grammar, head-driven phrase structure grammar, definite clause grammar, priciples and parameters, Montague semantics in the 1970s and 1980s, neural networks, connectionism, parallel processing , and statistical methods and others in the 1990s.

与之相关的理论有：20世纪50年代和60年代的信息理论，范畴语法，转换生成语法，从属语法，和层次语法；70年代和80年代的人工智能，非语言知识基础，诸如词汇功能语法，广义短语结构语法，中心词驱动短语结构语法，有定从句语法，原则和参数，70年代和80年代的蒙太古语法等这些形式主义；90年代的神经系统网络，连接注意，平行处理，和统计学方法以及其他理论。

Firstly a formal syntactic of UML statechart diagrams was given and a series of auxiliary functions to describe the structure features of UML statechart diagrams were presented in which target determinator and source restriction were used to describe the inter-level transitions and open events and close events were used to describe the communication among UML statechart diagrams.

首先给出了UML状态图的形式化语法定义，其中用状态集合、转移集合、事件集合、条件集合、活动集合、对象集合和变量集合，定义了一系列辅助函数描述UML状态图特征，用确定目标状态和受限源状态表示层次关系，用开放事件和封闭事件表示对象之间的消息。

Eliminates the female to get employed the discrimination, needs the long time insistence with diligently, certainly not strength, the temporary merit the, needs the entire social the joint effort, needs from the system to the idea different level consummation and the transformation; Needs the public opinion to finish for the feminine full employment propagandizes positively; Needs to guide the family and society's attention positively pays attention to the feminine reality each kind of need; Needs feminine oneself to improve own cultural quality and each skill diligently, prepares for the full employment, the transformation idea, forms the independent viability.

急！！！中译英，英语文章，修改语法错误消除女性就业歧视，需要长时期的坚持和努力，绝非一己之力、一时之功，需要全社会的共同努力，需要从制度到观念不同层次的完善和转变；需要社会舆论为女性充分就业作好积极地宣传；需要积极引导家庭和社会的注意力关注女性现实的各种需要；更需要女性自身努力提高自己的文化素质和各种技能，为自己充分就业做好准备，转变观念，形成独立的生活能力。

In the following chapter, it will analyze grammatical meanings of locative structures, including judgment of grammatical meanings and relative relationships among them.

然后分析"X中／里／内"的语法意义，包括语法意义的判定及其之间的层次关系。

The paper probed into the grammaticalized process of the prefix A- and some related problems on typology and gained several breakthroughs such as putting forward a new conception of "historical levels" on grammaticaliztion and the "unidirectionality", discussing some generant universals on the language's origin and change, recognizing the roles of the unique small contexts acted on the grammaticalization and the broadening process of grammatical rules, realizing the necessity of combination of researches on historical grammar and on Chinese etymology.

论文进而在更高的层次上对阿缀的语法化和相关类型学问题进行理论提炼与总结，取得了若干突破，如提出语法化研究中的历时层次与非单向性问题、语言起源发展的发生学共性问题，认识到独特小语境在语法化和语法规则泛化中的作用、语法史研究与汉语词源学研究结合的必要性等。

In this paper, we realize GIS interoperation at syntactic and semantic levels by encapsuling geographical function unit in semantic geographical web service, and describe how to interact with it with WSDL and what its geographic function means with OWLS, then present an interoperation model of semantic geographical web service.

文章通过利用WebServices技术将地理功能单元封装成语义地理Web服务，使用WSDL来描述如何与之交互的语法信息，使用OWLS来描述该服务具有怎样的地理功能的语义信息，从而在语法和语义两个层次上实现 GIS互操作，并给出了利用语义地理Web服务进行互操作的模式。

The lattice is minimal and maximally factorized, it can help us understand program. By analyzing the usage of the hierarchy with a set of applications, the technique is capable of finding design anomalies in the origin class hierarchies, such as redundant member or splitting a class into multiple classes, which can help us in restructuring class hierarchies.

最终得到的概念格不仅具有最小性、最大分解性以及其他一些重要的语法特性，而且可以帮助理解程序，通过应用程序对类层次结构的使用可以发现类层次结构的设计问题，比如存在没有使用的冗余类成员，或者类分割问题等，从而为再工程的类库重设计提供一些参考。

Neurocognitive Linguistics,the predecessor of which is Stratificational Grammar, is one of the important linguistic schools originated in USA in 1960's.

神经认知语言学的前身是层次语法，它是美国60年代兴起的重要语言学流派之一。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失