层次

Compared to the traditional methods,the relevant information with different granularity levels can be analyzed from lower granularity level to higher one in terms of mapping sequence of the concept.

相比传统挖掘方法，该方法通过从低层次到高层次概念的序列映射，可以分析出不同粒度层次的相关信息，有利于决策者做出更准确的决策分析，制定更优的策略。

This paper presented a new method for ranking the alternatives in AHP, different from the traditional methods, it can directly obtain the importance weight of each alternative by only solving alinear equations, without any given criteria or the paired comparison matrix. Moreover, it keeps the transitivity among the alternatives and the relative importance between arbitrary two neighbouring alternatives in the entire sequence ranked.

针对层次分析方法中传统的层次单排序方法存在的弊端，提出一种新的层次单排序方法，该方法不需判断矩阵和一致性检验，通过解线性方程组直接获得各因素关于上层因素的重要性权值，且保证了因素间重要程度的传递性以及相对重要程度的不变性。

After decreasing wavelet transformation s boundary effect, the prediction law and assessment standard are put up based on the theory of climatic hierarchy and wavelet analysis.

论述了子波气候诊断中的边界效应和非周期性对趋势预报的影响，在消除子波变换边界效应基础上，将气候层次理论和子波诊断技术相结合，提出了气候多层次趋势预报法则和评判标准，最后利用若干气候资料进行了多层次趋势预报。

Hierarchical linear modeling is the most frequently used technique for analyzing multilevel data. In this paper, the twelve key issues in multilevel research and/or using HLM software were reviewed, and provided their exact meanings and feasible solutions. The 12 key issues included intraclass correlation coefficient, sample sizes, formation of organizational constructs, centering problems, fixed effect and random effect, estimation methods, goodness of fit index, explained variation, multicollinearity, robust standard error, level one variance equation, and empirical Bayes estimates.

本文针对阶层线性模式在多层次研究上有关於技术、测量与方法论所遭遇的问题，进行文献整理并讨论其实务意涵，并依据使用时机、抽样议题、资料汇总、分析方法、与模式评估与估算等五方面整理出十二项重要议题与解决之道，包括：组内相关系数的意义与判断准则、多层次研究各层的样本数问题、变数聚合成组织层次问题、中心化的意义、固定效果与随机效果的设定、估计法的选择、适配度的比较、解释变异量的计算、多元共线性的分析、强韧性标准误、第一层误差项变异数与实证贝氏估计值的运用。

The sensuous plane is an important one in music, a very important one, but it does not constitute the whole story.

美感层次是音乐中一个重要的层次，一个十分重要的层次，但它并不是一切。

Of the three, self-love include: self-esteem, abstinence and the awareness of the shamefulness; other-love contains sympathy, faithfulness, understanding; kindheartedness contains tolerance, dedication and charity.

其中，自爱层次包括：自尊、节制、知耻；爱人层次包括同情、诚信、理解；仁爱层次包括宽容、奉献、慈善。

For lack of a better terminology, one might name these:(1) the sensuous plane,(2) the expressive plane,(3) the sheerly musical plane.

由于缺少更好的术语，我们可以这样的称呼它们：（1）感官层次，（2）表达层次，（3）纯音乐层次。

This is the intention of experience in the construction of others in the third level, reflect the true level, while only the first two levels ...

这便是在对他人意向体验的构建中的第三层次、本真的反思层次，而前两个层次只是。。。

Primarily, the thesis assays the condition of network framework, the network was divided into three levels in terms of network management in order to establish the distributed method ,and still pointing out the intention and denotation of studying the Topology Discovery.Next, the thesis analyzes SNMP protocol minutely, including its development, principle, and the Network Management system that established on the SNMP protocol. Have analysed MIB in detail and the application way of MIB in network management .The thesis also assays the ICMP protocol, describing its working principle and the format of datagram minutely , and describing two important tools of ICMP- Ping and TraceRoute in detail. On the base of upper analysis, the thesis expounds a kind of distributed Topology Discovery project, and book it in one autonomy system. Topology Discovery was divided into two levels in terms of network management, and analyses the way of linking up between the two level. The thesis minutely assays Router-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on SNMP and Subnet-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on ARP and ICMP. According to these analyses, the thesis explores the specific methodology and the technology of XML data object which using the WinSNMP API to achieve topology discovering system on the development platform of Visual C++, and also analyses the technology of topology analysis and topology graph minutely. Moreover, the thesis assays the technology of basic firewall and Topology Discovery response strategy. Finally, the thesis analyses the underlying blind problem of the topology finding, and also analyses the reason that the blind problem produced and the way that reduced. The distributed algorithm that this paper puts forward has a certain directive significance in wireless network or other fields.

本文首先分析了网络结构状况，将网络从网络管理的角度划分为三个层次，为分布式的方法奠定了基础，同时还指出拓扑发现研究的目的及意义；接着本文分析了SNMP协议，详细分析了SNMP协议的发展状况，协议的工作原理，以及由SNMP协议基础上建立的SNMP网络管理体系，详细分析了MIB，以及MIB在网络管理上的应用方式；本文又分析了ICMP协议，详细描述了ICMP的工作原理和数据报格式，并详细描述了ICMP的两个重要工具-Ping 和TraceRoute；然后本文在结合上述分析的基础上，提出了一种分布式的拓扑发现方案，将拓扑发现拟订在一个自治系统内，将拓扑发现从网络管理角度划分为路由器级和子网级两个层次，分析了两个层次之间的衔接方式，同时从拓扑地域的角度将拓扑发现过程分布化，分析了分布式算法的具体方法和分布式结点之间的数据通讯方法，本文详细分析了基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现技术和基于ARP和ICMP的子网级拓扑发现技术；根据这些分析，本文利用XML数据对象作为分布式算法中的数据对象，分析了XML的技术，本文使用Visual C++开发平台实现网络拓扑发现系统，详细分析了使用WinSNMP API实现基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现和基于ARP的子网级拓扑发现，分析了使用Winsock编程实现基于ICMP的子网级拓扑发现，本文还对拓扑分析和拓扑图的绘制技术作了较细致的分析；本文最后还分析了基本防火墙技术，分析了几种类型的防火墙对拓扑发现带来的影响，以及在拓扑发现时的应对策略，本文还分析了拓扑发现中可能产生的盲点问题，分析了盲点产生的原因以及拓扑发现中减少盲点的方法。

The Phase I tip has simple straight swept or tapered shape, the curve change of the platform is included during Phase Ⅱ, and the geometry of the Phase Ⅲ tip is extended to anhedral modification.

第一层次的桨尖形状为直线后掠或尖削，第二层次包括桨尖平面的曲线变化，而第三层次进入到下反桨尖这种三维变化。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。