层化

Investigations and experiments indicate that charring ablator s provide the most efficient thermal protection shield for the re-entry vehicles.

载人飞船返回舱的烧蚀热防护技术研究和试验表明，碳化烧蚀材料是再入飞行器最有效的热防护层。

Lasers characteristic as a shock wave drive and the advantages of KrF laser are explained. Finally, the progress at home and abroad is enumerated.In chapter two, the basic principle of the EOS study is introduced. Specially, the impedance mismatch effect of the double-layer flyer is mentioned here. It is the primary theoretical basis of this paper.In chapter three, a one-dimension, three-temperature hydrodynamic code HYADES is introduced briefly. it is used to make a qualitative analysis about how the thickness of ablator affect the flyer velocities and stability.In chapter four, the experimental setup is described.

第一章为绪论部分，简要总结了状态方程研究的历史，激光作为冲击波驱动源的特点和KrF激光的优势，以及国内外的进展情况；第二章是本工作的理论基础，讨论了冲击波物理和雨贡纽曲线测量的基本原理和方法，重点介绍了激光飞片法的特点、关键要素和双层飞片的阻抗失配效应，鉴于KrF激光短波长和长脉宽的特点，我们拟对双层飞片的特性展丌研究工作，为实测状态方程做好准备；第三章简单介绍了一维三温流体力学数值模拟程序Hyades并运用它进行了若干状态方程实验的计算和设计，进行了烧蚀层厚度对飞片速度、稳定性的影响的定性分析；第四章是实验平台描述部分，介绍了光束平滑化技术，靶的制作，条纹相机的原理和使用，系统同步控制以及光学记录速度干涉仪系统的简单原理和构成。

Laser's characteristic as a shock wave drive and the advantages of KrF laser are explained. Finally, the progress at home and abroad is enumerated.In chapter two, the basic principle of the EOS study is introduced. Specially, the impedance mismatch effect of the double-layer flyer is mentioned here. It is the primary theoretical basis of this paper.In chapter three, a one-dimension, three-temperature hydrodynamic code HYADES is introduced briefly. it is used to make a qualitative analysis about how the thickness of ablator affect the flyer velocities and stability.In chapter four, the experimental setup is described.

第一章为绪论部分，简要总结了状态方程研究的历史，激光作为冲击波驱动源的特点和KrF激光的优势，以及国内外的进展情况；第二章是本工作的理论基础，讨论了冲击波物理和雨贡纽曲线测量的基本原理和方法，重点介绍了激光飞片法的特点、关键要素和双层飞片的阻抗失配效应，鉴于KrF激光短波长和长脉宽的特点，我们拟对双层飞片的特性展丌研究工作，为实测状态方程做好准备；第三章简单介绍了一维三温流体力学数值模拟程序Hyades并运用它进行了若干状态方程实验的计算和设计，进行了烧蚀层厚度对飞片速度、稳定性的影响的定性分析；第四章是实验平台描述部分，介绍了光束平滑化技术，靶的制作，条纹相机的原理和使用，系统同步控制以及光学记录速度干涉仪系统的简单原理和构成。

It,s allelchemicals were isolated through extraction, thin-layer chromatography, and column chromatograpathy. After the white clover was infused in ethanol and evaporation, the leavings was dissolved by water. The aqueous extract was extracted by petroleum,chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-Butanol successively, and the bioassay showed that the chloroform phase has obvious inhibitory effect, the inhibitory rate was 44.32%,88.08% on Abutilon theophrasti M., seedling length and root length, 82.08%,92.16% on Echinochloa crusgalli L., seedling length and root length, and the Amaranthus retroflexux L., germination rate is 0, the secondly was ethyl acetate phase.

运用萃取、薄层层析、柱层析等方法对白三叶草地上部分的化感物质进行初步分离，结果表明，白三叶草经乙醇浸提旋转蒸发后用蒸馏水溶解，依次用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取，生物测定表明氯仿组分对杂草的抑制作用最强，对苘麻芽长和根长抑制率分别为44.32%、88.08%，对稗草芽长和根长的抑制率分别为82.08%、92.16%，反枝苋的发芽率为0；其次是乙酸乙酯相。

Silicon oxide/Fluorinated amorphous carbon/Silicon oxide multiple-layered films and one-layered Fluorinated amorphous carbon films were prepared using Microwave electron cyclotron chemical vapor deposition reactor with SiH4, O2, CHF3 and CH4 as source gas and were annealed in nitrogen ambience in order to investigate their thermal stability.

食用80％Ar稀释的SiH4，O2，CHF3和CH4作为前驱气体，利用微波电子回旋共振等离子体化学气相沉积方法制备了氧化硅／氟化非晶碳膜／氧化硅(SiO_x／a-C：F／SiO_x)多层膜与单层的氟化非晶碳膜，并在N_2氛围退火处理中考察其热稳定性。

The thickness and composition of the nitrided layer can be controlled by changing ion-nitriding parameters.

此外，改变温度及氮氢比等氮化参数可有效控制氮化层之成分与厚度。

Melting point 3410 ℃, boiling point 560 ℃, relative density of 1935, F the external electronic structure of 5d46s2, in the chemical reaction time is very easy to lose 1-6 electronic, but also can get 1-2 electronic, so oxidation number of 0,± 1,± 2, 3, 4 , 5 and 6, with 6 price of the most stable compounds, such as WO3 does not dissolve in water, the air will form in the tungsten trioxide thin protective layer of tungsten, tungsten with fluorine at room temperature, chemical combination, red hot when there is no moisture and Bromine iodide together, red hot when you can and water reaction WO3, at room temperature reaction of tungsten with aqua regia, but the hot concentrated hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid can only be played with its weak response, but molten nitrate, nitrite, too Hydrogen peroxide, sulfur steam, steam and other phosphorus can play intense reaction, high temperature can not be carbon, boron and silicon reaction of binary compounds, widely used in industrial tungsten steel and tungsten carbide, pure tungsten filament is used to the system, and X-ray tube Tube heating components, semiconductor components can be prepared tungsten silicide, tungsten industrial production is white or black tungsten ore tungsten ore refining.

熔点3410℃，沸点560℃，相对密度1935，F外围电子结构为5d46s2，在化学反应时很容易丢掉1—6个电子，也能得到1—2个电子，所以氧化数为0、±1、±2、＋3、＋4、＋5和＋6，以＋6价化合物最稳定，如WO3不溶于水，空气中的钨会形成薄层三氧化钨保护层，钨能与氟在室温下化合，红热并无潮气时能与溴、碘化合，红热时还能和水反应生成WO3，室温下钨可与王水反应，但热的浓盐酸和硫酸只能与其起微弱反应，但对熔融的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、过氧化氢、硫蒸汽、磷蒸汽等能起激烈反应，高温下不能与碳、硼和硅反应生成二元化合物，工业上广泛使用钨钢和碳化钨，纯钨用来制灯丝、电子管和X射线管的发热元件，硅化钨可制半导体元件，钨工业生产是将白钨矿石或黑钨矿石精炼。

Fluidization and Sounding Pressure Characters Experimental Research on Pulsating Fluidized Bed After verifying experimentally the Rijke type self-exciting pulsating fluidized bed combustion, under different operating conditions (different empty cross-section wind speed and inaction bed height), experimental research the oscillation characters of sounding pressure in the pulsating fluidized bed. The results indicate that the sound characters in the Rijke type self-exciting pulsating fluidized bed combustor are the same with it in the Rijke type combustor, the pressure in the combustor oscillate up and down in the sinusoidal manner and the pressure is the superposition of the multiple harmonic waves.

脉动流化床流化与声学压力特性实验研究在实验验证了Rijke型自激脉动流化燃烧概念后，在不同运行条件(空截面风速、静止床层高度)下，实验研究了Rijke型自激式脉动流化床的声压振动特性，研究结果表明：脉动流化床内建立起的声波特性和Rijke型脉动燃烧器内的一样，各点压力呈正弦规律上下振动，且压力是基波幅值最大的多次谐波的叠加。

The tracer migration that the tracer concentration continuously injecting into semi-infinite sand column(initialization velocity is zero) and the pollutant continuously enter into aquifer through a discharging well that completely enter into the dive aquifer are two representative groundwater pollution problems ,Then this paper respectively sets above two decided solution problems and the union simulation problem of groundwater and solute as examples, from the question description, the mathematical model selection and determination, the parameters selecting to carry on the value computation, the read-write of attribute data , visualizes by the IDL programs, carries on the numerical simulation and the visualization post-processing to the above groundwater pollution problems, and according to the numerical solution and the solute migration curves, briefly analyzes and predicts the temporal and spatial distribution features and distribution range of contaminant concentration.

然后分别以半无限长沙柱中连续注入示踪剂浓度的运移、污染物通过一完全进入潜水层的排放井连续进入含水层这两个典型地下水污染定解问题及地下水流和水质联合模拟问题为例，从问题描述、数学模型选取确定、参数选取到运用IDL编程进行数值计算、属性数据读写、可视化，对上述地下水污染问题进行数值模拟和可视化的后处理，并根据数值模拟的数值结果和溶质运移曲线，对污染物浓度的分布范围及随时空变化趋势作了简要分析预测。

The weight and percentage of plated metal of metallized fiber can be derived from measuring the weight and volume of metallized fiber via the density formula and the law of conservation of mass with konwing the density of plated metal and the basic fiber.

通过测定表面金属化纤维的质量和体积，利用密度公式和质量守恒定律，只需知道表面金属和基材纤维的密度即可推导出镀层金属的质量和表面金属化纤维的质量分数。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。