层化

Electrical Resistance Tomography is a novel cross section measurement technology developed in recent years. It can achieve the visualization measurement of multi-phase media component parameter in the closed pipe and process vessel inside. It is adequate for two/multi phase flow process that the conductive liquid is continuous phase.

电阻层析成像(Electrical Resistance Tomography，简称ERT)技术是近年来发展起来的一种高新检测技术，可实现对封闭的管道或过程容器设备内部多相组份物质参数的可视化测量，适用于两相流/多相流中以液相为连续相的生产过程，是过程层析成像技术中的一个研究热点。

ERT is particularly suitable for the two-phase (or multi-phase) flow applications having a conductive continuous phase, and is able to provide 2D/3D visualization information of the parameters of a multi-phase mixture flowing inside a closed pipe or vessel.

电阻层析成像技术是近年来发展起来的一种基于电阻传感机理的过程层析成像技术，适用于两相流中以导电性介质为连续相的工业过程，可提供封闭的管道或过程容器设备内部多相组分物质参数的二维/三维可视化信息，具有非侵入、响应速度快、成本低、安全性能好、适应范围广等优点。

As for 3-layer constrained via minimization problem (3CVM), a heuristic approach on the basis of segment-crossing graph model is presented. Two types of algorithm, global sense and local sense are combined into our algorithm.

对三层布线的通孔最少化问题（3CVM），提出了一个启发式算法，以线段—相交图为模型，分总体优化和局部优化两步对三层详细布线进行通孔优化处理。

After reviewing lots of previous work on cell layout generation and standard-cell and BBL placement and routing technique, algorithms for transistor placement and intra-cell routing in cell layout generation, timing-driven standard-cell placement, multi-layer detailed area routing and multi-layer constrained via minimization are presented and implemented.

论文在较为深入研究和总结国内外有关单元版图自动生成及集成电路布局布线技术方面研究成果的基础上，对标准单元版图自动生成技术中单元内晶体管布局和单元内布线、时延驱动的标准单元布局、多层金属工艺的区域详细布线及多层布线通孔最少化进行算法研究、设计和实现。

This is because the crystal layers that form on it are not static; they change with temperature and light intensity.

这是由于氢化金刚石上形成的结晶层不是静态的，这些结晶层会随着温度的高低和光线的强弱而变化。

High volume fraction interface begins to form on the surface by surface nanocrystalline treatment, supplying ideal entryway for the diffuseness of chemical elements, and can markedly lower the temperature and time of chemical treatment and enhance infiltration concentration and deepness.

金属表面自身纳米化处理可以在各种金属材料的表面获得纳米晶组织，而且纳米结构层与基体之间没有明显的界面，在使用过程中不会因为外界条件的变化而发生剥层和分离，能够明显地提高材料的表面和整体性能。

The discrete random height variable of worn surface is described with continuous random variables by a mathematical method.

建立了磨损表面轮廓数值化基准、用连续随机变量来描述磨损表面轮廓线高度离散随机变量，对磨损表面高度分布作了数理统计分析，研究了载荷、滑动速度及镀层种类对磨损表面几何特性的影响，将数理统计分析结果与镀层的耐磨性作了比较分析，较为完整、深入地描述了磨损表面的几何特性。

Under appropriate conditions embryonic stem cells have been shown to differentiate in vitro to multiple cell types of endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm.

一旦撤除分化抑制因素，或添加适当的诱导剂，ES细胞可分化为内胚层、中胚层和外胚层的多种类型的特化细胞。

we use magnetron sputtering to deposit Al-AlN particle film as SED's electron-emitter. The Cr-Cu-Cr electrode was prepared by electron beam vaporize deposition. The voltage used to electroform the cracks are periodic trigonal wave and the breadth of the voltage are increasing gradually.

文章中采用铝-氮化铝薄膜材料作为SED器件的电子发射层，采用磁控溅射的方法镀电子发射层，采用电子束蒸发的方法镀铬-铜-铬材料作为电极；电形成过程中采用电压幅值恒定、周期性重复的脉冲和电压幅值渐增的电压脉冲作为电极电压。

Corn's mature thrum wall is only left over 1 epidermal cell, the endothecium, the intermediate deck and the fabric carpet veneer cell disintegrates, its epidermal cell possible fibrosis.

玉米的成熟花药壁只剩下1层表皮细胞，药室内壁、中层和绒毡层细胞均解体，其表皮细胞可能纤维化。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。