层化

In the shallow soil with the depth of 0~50 cm below the ground surface,the extent from 0 to 50 centimeters, the change of the δ13C of the soil carbonate is positively related with the depth in the upper soil profile from 0~30 cm,but it will increase rapidly in the lower soil profile as the result of the existence of salined and alkali soil layer.

盐碱化土地在0～50 cm的深度范围内，土壤碳酸盐的δ13C值变化规律为：0～30 cm深度内，土壤碳酸盐的δ13C值随深度的增加而逐渐减小；在30～50 cm范围内，如果有盐积层或碱积层的存在，则土壤碳酸盐的δ13C值迅速增加。

As a result of diamond, cubic boron nitride of high prices, with good wear resistance, and the consolidation of their manufacturing and general abrasive abrasive abrasive different consolidation, with the exception of super-hard abrasive layer, there are transition layer and matrix.

由于金刚石、立方氮化硼的价格高、具有很好的耐磨性能，用它们制造的固结磨具与普通磨料固结磨具不同，除超硬磨料层外，还有过渡层和基体。

As the diamond, cubic boron nitride of high prices, with good wear resistance, they are manufactured with ordinary abrasive Bonded abrasive Bonded abrasive different, in addition to super-hard abrasive layer, there are transition layer and matrix.

由于金刚石、立方氮化硼的价格高、具有很好的耐磨性能，用它们制造的固结磨具与普通磨料固结磨具不同，除超硬磨料层外，还有过渡层和基体。

However,authors still do not find the relevant references on convergence and symmetric problems of the semi-analytical solution.Based on the semi-analytical solution for Hamilton canonical equation theory,the formulations of the clamp and simply supported and symmetric boundary conditions on the Hamiltonian element are derived by the variational principle.Several numerical examples show that with increase of meshes,the convergence rate of the semi-analytical solution is faster than the convergent rate of traditional finite element method based on displacement.

①在厚度上没有任何位移和应力模式的假设，由于传递矩阵方法的引入，从理论上讲，不受板壳厚度或层合板壳层数的限制；②采用弹性力学的Hamilton正则方程半解析法，可以克服边界的局部化效应[8]；③由于在平面内或圆柱壳的曲面内采用了有限元法，所以一般的板壳问题不受结构侧面边界条件的限制，在复杂工程板壳问题上具有广泛的应用领域。

Based on the assumption that the distribution of DCT coefficients in H.264 encoder follows Cauchy distribution, a macroblock layer bit rate model was derived. Then, the distortion was predicted by a linear model using the actual distortion and the quantization parameters of the previous frame.

首先，基于H.264编码器中DCT系数服从Cauchy分布的假设推导得出H.264宏块层的码率模型；并采用线性模型利用前一帧已知的失真度和量化参数值对失真度进行预测；最后，在宏块层通过Lagrange方法最小化失真度，确定宏块的量化参数。

Results indicated that the variation was significant from treatment to treatment. S-deficiency caused bulging chloroplasts, loosening and dishevelled grana lamella, reducing organelle, and damaged chondriosome in mesophyll cells of the leaves, and empty cells of the roots, while S-excess, however, led to densification, condensation and randomization of grana lamella of the chloroplasts of the leaves, and separation of cytoplasms from walls of the cells of the roots.

结果表明，受S素营养胁迫的水稻，其根系及叶片的超微结构均发生了显著的变化：低S胁迫会造成水稻叶片叶肉细胞内的叶绿体结构肿胀，基粒片层松驰、散乱，细胞器减少，线粒体结构被破坏，根系细胞内几乎没有内含物；S浓度高则会使叶片叶绿体基粒片层致密、浓缩，无规则化，根系细胞发生质壁分离。

The microstructures of iron surface are sinter layer, alloying chrome layer and matrix iron from surface.

由外向内，表层显微组织依次为烧结层、合金化层和基体层。

The deformed ball or slug fixed in the hole, which may have a metallised inner surface, functions to conduct heat and/or electricity between a metallised topside (2) and bottom side (3) of the printed circuit board and also between intermediate metallised layers in the case of a multi-layer board.

变形的球或插塞被固定在具有金属化的内表面的孔内，以用于在印刷电路板的金属化的顶面(2)和底面(3)之间以及在多层板的情况下在中间金属化层之间导热与/或导电。

The size and shape of the filtration cake particles were proposed to be the primary factors to result in the poor filtration behavior of worts containing extruded adjuncts.

在此基础上提出，糖化醪过滤床层中颗粒的大小及形状是影响挤压膨化啤酒辅料糖化醪过滤特性的主要因素。

Drafting innovations in practice research (1) In the section of "panorama of financing theory and financing behavior of listed companies", from the macroscopical aspect, directly aiming at theoretical goal system of refinancing behaviors of listed companies and refinancing supervision, the thesis on one hand sketched the contours of strategic frame for listed companies focusing on "computerization of financing ability","diversification of financing ways","rationalization of financing structure",and"financing use efficiency"; on the other hand through international comparison and aiming at the range pole, the thesis put forward policy recommendations and direction lead of brand-new visual angle for China's financial supervisors and China's refinancing moving towards standardization of management and efficient supervision.

在实践研究方面的拟创新之处（1）在&上市公司融资理论与融资行为概论&部分，论文从宏观层面，直接针对上市公司再融资行为和再融资监管的理论目标体系，一方面为上市公司勾勒着眼于&融资能力计量化&、&融资方式多样化&、&融资结构理性化&、&融资利用效率化&的战略框架；另一方面通过国际比较和标杆瞄准，为中国金融监管层和中国再融资走向管理规范化和监管效率化的给出全新视角的政策建议和方向引导。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。