层化

Based on the laminate theory, a laminate weakened by damage is treated as an anisotropic thin plate. Using the complex potential method in the plane theory of elasticity of an anisotropic body, the series solution of finite anisotropic thin plate containing an elliptical inclusion is proposed with the help of Faber series. A hybrid element with an elliptical inclusion for anisotropic materials is obtained by using the hybrid variable principle, and the element efficiency is verified by numerical examples. The state of the damage is modeled by an elliptical soft inclusion, and using the point stress criterion based on characteristic curve and Yamada-Sun etc. criteria, the prediction of the strength of a composite laminate with damage is set up. The effects of various parameters on the stress distribution and the residual strength of a composite laminate weakened by damage are detailedly studied.

首先基于经典层板理论，将复合材料层板的弹性问题化归为均匀各向异性板来求解；采用各向异性体平面弹性理论中的复势方法，以Faber级数为工具，给出了有限大含椭圆核各向异性板弹性问题的级数解形式；利用杂交变分原理，成功导出含椭圆核各向异性板杂交应力有限元，并用算例验证了该单元的可行性和有效性；采用含刚度折减椭圆形弹性核的冲击损伤模型，引入基于特征曲线和Yamada-Sun破坏准则的点应力判据，建立了含损伤复合材料层板剩余强度的分析方法；通过数值计算详细讨论了各种几何参数对损伤层板应力分布、剩余强度的影响，得到了一系列对工程应用具有实用价值的结论。

The fixed-NH+4 capacity of all natural layers in lou soil was determined in this thesis,they were 482.2±10.4,1134.9±4.0 and 553.0±11.3 mg N／kg soil in overburden layer,claying horizen and loess parent material horizen respectively.

确定了土娄土各自然层的固定态铵容量，覆盖层、粘化层和黄土母质层分别为(482.2±10.4) mgN/kg、(1134.9±4.0) mgN/kg和(553.0±11.3) mgN/kg土。

The results show that the microstructures of these three kinds of coating are different from those of the matrix (20 steel). The wear resistance of the flame spray coating is 4. 9 times that of the matrix. This is caused by the existance of hard noncrystal microparticals. The wear resistance of the coating by flame spray welding is 6. 3 times that of the matrix. The reason is that the fine crystal grains can be formed and the solution strengthening, dispersion hardening can be induced by these alloy elements. The resistance of the laser remelt coating is 8. 8 times that of the matrix. This is due to the solution strengthening, dispersion hardening and the existence of very hard dendritic crystal, eutectic and martensite in the microstructure.

作者指出，喷涂层由于层内有一定数量高硬度的合金非晶质点存在，其耐磨性是钢基体的4.9倍；喷熔层内合金晶化产生的晶粒细小，合金元素能起固溶强化作用，也能生成化合物产生弥散硬化作用，故此耐磨性是钢基体的6.3倍；激光涂敷层除所含合金元素产生的固溶强化和弥散硬化作用外，表层组织为高硬度的枝晶+共晶和马氏体，故其耐磨性是钢基体的8.8倍。

The first and second insert organophilic montmorillonite are prepared from sodium dodecylsulfonate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.

采用十二烷基磺酸钠及十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对蒙脱土进行了一次、二次插层改性，红外光谱和X射线衍射表明，两种有机插层剂均已进入蒙脱土的层间，有机蒙脱土的层间距由1.22 nm增加到3.64 nm；沉降实验结果表明这种改性蒙脱土在有机介质中表现出很好的分散性。

It realizes the three essential links in the recessive knowledge management- the sharing, structuralization and dissemination of knowledge.

1本文提出了一个功能较为全面的基于本体的隐性知识管理系统框架，该框架采用三层结构，即存储层、功能层和表现层，实现了隐性知识管理的三个主要环节，即知识的共享、知识的结构化和知识的传播。

The carbonizing process of Mo-La2O3 cathode are investigated and the microstructures and phases of it's carbonized layers are studied by TEM and XRD.

摘 要：研究了碳化温度、碳化时间、碳化时苯的压强对Mo-La2O3阴极碳化度大小和碳化层组织的影响。

While chromium may stably exist in either the passive or active state, small amoullt additioll of palladium significantly increases the corrosion resistance of chromium plating in deaerated 5% and 20% sulfuric acid solutions in consequence of spontaneous passivation.

极化曲线和阻抗频谱测定表明，在相应铬镀层处于活化－钝化过渡的电位区间，含钯镀层都表现出净阴极电流；活化溶解与钝化过程随电位的相对发展变化可由低频段容抗圈的演变来推定。

The clue is the prominent eosinophilic and hyalinized so-called "glassy membrane" band in between dark spindle granulosa layer and lutinized theca interna. There are scattered lutinized thecal cells in theca interna with ample pink cytoplasm which are usually seen in childhood or pregnancy.

诊断线索是明显的嗜酸性胞质和位于暗梭形颗粒细胞层和黄素化卵泡膜之间的透明化的所谓&透明膜&带，在卵泡膜内层有散在黄素化卵泡膜细胞，胞质淡粉染，这种细胞常见于儿童期或孕期。

And then the spatial predicates,possibly used in SDMKD from GIS,are analyzed and listed.Subsequently,the formal expression of spatial assoc...

从G IS数据库中挖掘空间关联规则的主要问题是多层、多关系的规则挖掘问题，不同专题图层不同空间对象之间空间谓词的高效计算与存储表达是解决问题的关键；把空间关系非空间化，将连续数据离散化，从而把求解问题转换成布尔型关联规则问题进行讨论，基于此而探讨了一种通过SJI-P表组织空间谓词，然后根据目标对象的概念层级自顶向下、逐层细化的空间关联规则挖掘方法。

The Soft-Hard Acid-Base Theory was used to interpret the experimental results for the first time, the softness of sulfur, which was a Lewis base, was changed by solvents, and the reactivity of sulfur atom was changed.

结果表明，砷化镓表面硫化层厚度与所用溶液的极性有关，用极性小的有机醇作溶剂可以得到更厚的硫钝化层。

The reasons of iron ions content overproof in grade Ⅱ desalting water system,such as variation water quality,contamination of regenerant , operation adjustment of pretreatment system and switching operation of bed were discussed.

对二级脱盐水系统中铁离子含量超标的原因，如来水水质发生波动、再生剂受到污染、预处理系统操作调整、床体运行切换等进行了论述。

You were hired to drum up new business, so go and do it.

公司雇你招徕新业务，你就做你的事好了。