层化

We find evidence for a metastable zone of euxinic waters impinging on the continental shelf and sandwiched within ferruginous deep waters.

他们的结果表明，在埃迪卡拉纪时（它处于6亿3500万年之前至5亿4200万年之前之间）地球上的海洋是层化的，其中某些层区为硫化物水域和富含铁的水域。

Heat flux increases remarkably in spring, so layering comes into being gradually and concentrates on the central BS where tidal mixing is weak; whether the range or intensity culminates during the Summer Solstice; stratification is weakened in accompany with the decrease of heat flux in the fall, and is still apparent in BS strait; the gale enhances vertical stirring of sea water, so no obvious stratification exists in winter.

春天海表热通量显著增强，层化结构也开始形成，主要分布在潮汐混合较弱的中央水域；夏至时节层化结构无论是发生范围还是层化强度都达到极致；进入秋季，层化强度伴随着海表热通量的减少而削弱，分布区域也逐步向渤海海峡转移；冬季大风进一步增强了海水的垂向混合，此时渤海不再有垂向分层。

Chapter 2 analyzes the past and the present economic news and finds some problems, which are poor readability, low level of information service, superficial news, rigid pattern of news, absolutization of judgment, and lack of power of news on knowledge economy.

第二章则是通过对过去、目前的经济新闻报道进行分析，从中找出存在的问题：可读性差、信息服务水平偏低、报道浅层化、报道模式僵硬化、判断绝对化、报道知识经济的新闻缺乏气势和力度。

A method of polygon simplification based on Strip-Tree in scaleless GIS is presented in this paper through an all-sided analysis of this problem. Maintaining the correctness of the polygon layer's topoloty, it simplifies the polygon layer according to the output scale.

在对此问题进行全面分析的基础上，提出了一种基于Strip-Tree的多边形图层化简策略，在保持输出数据拓扑结构正确的前提下化简多边形图层，且保持了较高的时空效率。

Therelationship between the turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate,whichis widely used to parameterize the dissipation rate in turbulence closure models,is found to hold well for both reversing and rotating flows,but with differentcoefficients.Microstructure profiling measurements at two comparative stations (a deepercentral basin and a local shelf break) in the stratified Yellow Sea are analyzed,with emphasis on tidal and internal-wave induced turbulence near the bottomand in the pyenocline.The water column has a distinct three-layer thermohaline structure,consisting of weakly stratified surface and bottom boundary layers anda narrow sharp pycnocline.Turbulence in the surface layer is controlled by thediurnal cycle of buoyancy flux and wind forcing at the sea surface.while thebottom stress induced by barotropic tidal eurrents dominates turbulence in thebottom boundary layer.The maximum level at which the tidally enhanced mixingcan affect generally depends on the magnitude of the tidal current,and it canbe up to 10-15 m in the Yellow Sea.This suggests that,in the deeper regionsof the shelf seas,turbulent dissipation and mixing are very weak at the levelsbetween the near-bottom tidally enhanced layer and the pycnocline.Therefore,these levels provide a significant bottle neck for the vertical exchanges.In theshallow regions,however,the tidally-induced turbulence can occupy the wholewater colum below the pycnocline.A quarter-diurnal periodicities of the turbulentdissipation rate and eddy diffusivity are found at different heights with evidenttime lag.In the relatively flat central basin,the pycnocline is essentially non-turbulent and internal-wave activity is very weak.Therefore,vertical fluxes acrossthe pycnocline decreased to molecular levels.In contrast,internal waves of variousperiods can be always found near the local shelf break.

对强层化季节黄海两对比性站位(分别位于中央海盆区与局地陆坡区)处层化、内波以及湍流混合特征的研究结果表明：1、强层化季节的陆架海水体一般呈现显著的三层热盐结构，在水体近乎混合均匀的上混合层与潮流底边界层之间为强跃层；2、近表层水体的湍流混合强度主要由海表浮力通量的日变化与海表风强迫控制，而在潮流底边界层内，潮混合是水体热量、物质、动量与能量垂直交换的主要机制；3、潮混合影响的深度由潮流大小决定，在黄海，一般可达10-15 m，因此，在水深较深的区域，在跃层与潮混合所至深度范围的上界之间存在湍流混合非常弱的区域，这显著抑制水体内物质的垂直通量，为物质垂直交换的瓶颈，而在水深较浅的区域，潮混合影响范围可至跃层底部，因此物质在跃层以下整个水体中混合非常均匀，当跃层内间歇性强混合发生时，可以产生显著的跨跃层物质输运；4、近底潮致强湍流耗散缓慢地向上传播，底上不同深度处垂直湍扩散系数也具有显著的位相差异，且二者均随时间呈现四分之一周日周期的变化；5、在地形较为平坦的中央海盆区，内波活动非常微弱，因此跃层内湍流混合非常弱，垂直扩散系数为分子扩散水平，跨跃层物质通量受到显著抑制，而在地形变化较为显著的局地陆坡区，内波活动非常活跃，除内潮的影响外，高频内波与内孤立波的影响也很显著，因此跃层内存在很强的间歇性强混合，内孤立波存在的区域，水体湍流混合显著增强。

The calculation results of some examples are given. In the unstratified case, the cake cross section at any point is circular. When the flow is stratified, buoyancy cause the wake, which initially grows at the same rate in all directions, to collapse in the vertical direction and flatten out horizontally producing a very wide and thin rectangular shape.

在稳定层化海洋中，潜艇尾流以圆锥形增长；在非层化海洋中，初期尾流也以圆锥形增长，但在浮力作用下，尾流垂向增长崩溃，然后以又薄又宽的近于矩形截面增长，最后垂向尺度趋于常值。

By introducing one of stratified ocean models: two layer ocean and multicolored wave mech- anism of second order water wave, the problems of diffracting effects caused by second order multicol- ored wave are analyzed.

引入二层海的层化海模型及二阶水波的多色波作用机制，对层化海条件下的二阶多色波的绕射作用问题进行了分析。

Finally, for the manufacture demand of multilayer piezoelectric transformers , the low-melting additions, which had transient liquid-phase sintering mechanism, could be used to decreasing the sintering temperature and improving the properties.

压电陶瓷变压器的片式多层化需要低烧结温度的压电陶瓷材料以匹配低成本的银钯电极浆料，利用具有过渡液相烧结机制的玻璃料作为助溶剂可以在不劣化性能的同时大幅降低烧结温度。

Cold water belts between well-mixed and stratified regions are simulated by the model.

模拟结果表明，在层化与混合区之间存在冷水带，它位于潮锋的混合侧，并与表底温度差为1～2℃的等值线位置相吻合，这一冷水带主要是由以下两种机制来维持的：1）锋面产生的截锋面方向上的环流，把位于层化侧下层的低温水卷挟到海表层；2）风和潮共同产生的混合作用。

The rotation,form drag due to local topographic inhomogeneities,and weak but appreciablestratification are suggested to be possible sources for this discrepancy.The clas-sical wall-layer parameterization of the turbulent dissipation rate is found to holdwell for reversing flows,while modifications are needed for rotating flows.

分析表明，潮流的旋转、由局地地形造成的型阻以及水体的弱层化可能是上述差异产生的原因；3、经典的壁湍流理论以及湍封闭模型中经常采用的湍动能与其耗散率间的关系对于弱层化的往复型潮流是成立的，而在旋转型潮流中，壁湍流理论需要进行修正。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。