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In the northern part of the Okinawa Trough,at about 7.5-7.0kaBP of the early Holocene, this studied region was controlled by the continental shelf water, and at about 7.0aBP Kuroshio water combined with continental shelf water intensively, then the region was controlled by the intensified Kuroshio water with upwellings during 7.0-6.0kaBP; from 6.0-2.0ka BP the upwellings developed stably and the thermocline gradually declined: from 6.0-5.0 kaBP the impact of the upwellings mainly focused on the thermocline and much less on the sea surface, from 5.0-4.0kaBP the SST decreased because the sea surface was influenced by the cool water brought by the intensified upwellings; from 2.0-1.2kaBP, the upwelling declined and the SST increased consequently; since 1.2 kaBP the upwelling increased and the thermocline declined obviously.

冲绳海槽北部、九州西南海区，全新世7.5-7.0ka BP陆源物质影响明显， 7.0kaBP前后黑潮侵入并与陆架水强烈混合，7.0-6.0ka BP期间黑潮影响逐渐控制了该区，上升流开始发生，温跃层开始变浅；约在6.0-2.0ka BP之间上升流持续稳定发育，温跃层深度逐渐下降：6.0-5.0ka BP上升流影响作用于温跃层但对表层影响较小，5.0-4.0ka BP海水表层温度受上升流冷水影响降低；而约2.0-1.2ka BP，上升流减弱，海水表层温度回升；近1200年来上升流加强、温跃层深度减小的趋势更加显著。

The disturbing rields caused by the speedup and quietude of upper crustal movement in Tibetan Plateau indicate that, when the upper crust movement is speedup in Tibetan Plateau and keeps the boundary condition unchanged, the energy stored in upper crust is released, the driving force by Indian plate increases the horizontal compression stress and movement in other layers in Tibetan Plateau, and increase the horizontal compression stress in the whole geosphere in North China area Comparing the disturbing distribution of horizontal compression stress in the upper mantle layer, the value in North China area is only about one twelfths of that in south part of Tibetan Plateau.

3青藏高原地区地壳非均匀活动在中国大陆岩石层引起扰动场的研究结果表明，在保持板块边界作用强度不变的情况下，青藏高原地区岩石层上部地壳运动的增强，增加了其岩石层下部的向前推挤，同时也增加了对其它块体的推挤作用，以上地幔盖层内最大水平主压应力的扰动值为例，华北地区比青藏高原南部地区小一个量级。

The External Layer The external layer or external model is the second layer of abstraction in the database.This layer is composed of the user views discussed earlier, which are collectively called the subschema.

外部层 外部层或外部模型是第二层的抽象数据库这一层是由用户视图，这是先前讨论过的统称为子模式。

Further quantitative measurement demonstrates that the irregularity of the spalled surface can be characterized with fractal dimension. Moreover, the scaling range of similar pattern and the fractal character can be correlated to microstructral size distribution and damage process in some way.

对层裂剖面的定量测量结果表明，层裂表面具有分形特征，可以用分维很好地表征层裂表面的粗糙程度及不规则性，且其标度范围与材料的微结构尺寸分布及层裂损伤演化过程有一定的关系。

Siltstone reservoir,which has fine grains,small aperture,low porosity and hquid-producing capacity,high maturity of rock component and structure,is one of the primary productive zone in the east oilfield of our country.

我国东部油田的粉砂岩储层是主要的产能层之一，储层具有颗粒细、孔径较小、孔隙度和产液能力相对较低的特点，储层岩石的成份成熟度和结构成熟度普遍较高。

On the basis of the laboratory data and by widely analysing the formation origin and mechanism of low-resistivity oil/gas reservoir, a point of view is put forward which is not consistent with the idea existing for a long time, that is not all the low-resistivity oil/gas reservoir is shaly sandstone. Fine grains or pure fine siltstone can also form the low-resistivity oil/gas reservoir. And the additional conductibility of clay will become the prominent factor that causes the low-resistivity only when the salinity of formation water is lower. Actual cases indicate that when the salinity of formation water is greater than 300000ppm or so, even ifthere is some clay, its additional conductibility can also be ignored.

建立在实验室数据的基础之上，并通过广泛地低电阻率油气储集层成因和机理分析，提出了与长期以来存在于人们头脑中的思想观念不相一致的看法，即认为低电阻率油气储集层并非都是泥质砂岩，岩石颗粒细小的或纯净的细粉砂岩也可能形成低电阻率油气储集层，并且粘土的附加导电性也只有在地层水矿化度比较低时，才会成为造成低电阻率的突出因素，事实表明，当地层水矿化度高于大约300000ppm时，即使储集层含有一些粘土矿物，它所产生的附加导电性也是可以忽略的。

The particles with heavy specific gravity are discharged from the underflow mouth and those with light specific gravity are discharged through the overflow pipe and thus it realizes the separation for heavy and light particles.

流体自旋流器上端给入并在旋流器内形成强制旋转流，旋转流将颗粒按粒度和比重分为内外环层，当矿浆流动至锥体部分时，由于锥体的突然变向，阻力增大，颗粒群向下运动的趋势减缓，并在此形成旋转悬浮层，随着离心力场的减弱，重力作用越来越明显，由按粒度和比重分成的内外两层逐渐转化为按比重分选的上下两层，比重大的颗粒通过底流口排出，比重小的颗粒则通过溢流管排出，从而实现轻重颗粒间的分离。

After the exposure, the retinas were examined with light and electron microscope. results: under light microscope, irregular nucleoplasm and unclear border of nucleus in the ganglion cell layer were found in the experimental groups of 2 h, 12 h and 24 h. these changes were also found in the inner nucleus layer. under the electron microscope, swollen mitochondria and vacuolized endoplasmic reticulums were found in all the layers of retina in the groups of 2 h, 12 h and 24 h, most obvious in the group of 24 h. in the group of 72 h, only lightly swollen mitochondria and dilated endoplasmic reticulums were found in the ganglion cell layer of retina.

结果： 光镜：实验组中2，12及24 h组均可见视网膜神经节细胞层内细胞核出现核质不均匀，核边界不清，内核层细胞核也有同样改变；电镜：实验组中2，12及24 h组视网膜各层均出现线粒体肿大，内质网空泡样变，以24 h组最为严重，72 h组仅见视网膜神经节细胞层出现轻度线粒体肿大，内质网扩张。

The paper describes in detail the four factors resulting in the corrosion of buried steel pipeline,that is environment,corrosion control effectiveness,material of pipe steel,and stress of pipeline,presents a total statistics on petroleum asphalt,coal-tar enemal,extruded polyethylene coating,PE tape,FBE,and multiple coating system and the individual percentage of theirs per years during 1990-1995,and points out that the selection of all kinds of coatings,being different behaviors,should be defermined according to the geological conditions and corrosive environments along pipeline route.

阐述了埋地钢质管道发生腐蚀的四个影响因素，即环境、腐蚀防护效果、钢管材质和制造工艺以及应力水平，统计了1990-1995年石油沥青、煤焦油瓷漆、挤塑聚乙烯、PE胶带、FBE、复合覆盖层的涂敷量，指出防腐覆盖层各有优缺点，应根据管道线路的地质条件、腐蚀环境等而定，目前应建立防腐层的综合评价方法以解决防腐覆盖层的设计问题，同时还应对钢管表面处理、现场补口加以重视，在采用高强薄壁钢材时应考虑壁厚要求。

The effects of electroplated Ni layer and electroless plated Ni-P layer on the diffusion behavior in Sn-Ag/Cu solder joint were studied. The results by EPMA analysis showed that the electroless plated Ni-P layer acted as a good diffusion barrier between Sn-Ag solder and Cu substrate. However, the electroplated Ni layer can not hinder the inter-diffusion and reaction between molten Sn-Ag solder and Cu substrate when reflowing, and there was a layer of IMC (Cu6Sn5) at interface of Sn-Ag/C u solder joint.

摘 要：研究了电镀Ni层和化学镀Ni-P合金层对Sn-Ag/Cu焊点扩散行为的影响，电子探针分析表明：化学镀Ni-P合金层能很好地阻止Sn-Ag/Cu焊点在焊接过程中的Cu，Sn互扩散和相互反应；而电镀Ni层则不能阻止Sn-Ag/Cu焊点在焊接过程中的Cu，Sn互扩散和相互反应，界面反应产物仍以Cu6Sn5为主。

And discuss some key point of integrated management system design, include hazard identification and risk assessment and risk control in the occupational health and safety management, the measure of satisfaction target of customer, the flawlessness of law system, the integration of the integrated management system and enterprise standardization system, unify lead institution and work orgnization, integreted internal audit and integrated management review.

同时，论述了一体化管理体系构建中的几个主要问题，包括职业健康安全管理中的危险源辨识、风险评价和风险控制、顾客满意度的科学监测、法律、法规体系的完善、一体化管理体系与企业标准化体系的有机结合、统一的领导机构和工作机构、一体化的内部审核和管理评审。

Deepwater Taranaki is investigated for its petroleum potential, using all available seismic data tied to shallow-water wells.

运用与浅水井相关的现有全部震波探测数据考察了深海区塔拉纳基盆地的油藏前景。