层

As the application of the intermediate models is concerned, the works applying the intermediate models to investigate the topographic boundary layer, frontogenesis and low-level frontal structures, and the boundary layer jet are summarized in this article. It is mainly focused on the dynamic characteristics of the Ekman layer and its effect on the low-level structure and circulation of the weather systems illustrated by the models. It is shown that the intermediate boundary-layer models have great potential in illustrating the low level structures of the weather and climate systems as they are coupled with the free atmospheric models.

对于这些Ekman边界层近似理论模型的进一步应用问题，主要回顾和总结了利用上述模型探讨地形边界层结构、大气锋生过程、低层锋面结构和环流以及边界层日变化、低空急流形成等动力学问题的研究，并对这些研究所揭示的Ekman层动力学特征及其对自由大气低层运动的影响进行了分析，结果表明，这些Ekman边界层近似模型可以较好地揭示大气边界层动力学特征，在大气边界层动力学及其与自由大气相互作用的研究上具有重要价值。

All the atomic shells for the examined atoms are shown and the """"""""reasonable"""""""" electron numbers are given. Especially for atomic subshell and shell structure of transition elements are correctly predicated. This theory provides uniform and objective criterion for shell structure of isolated atom, and the intrinsic and theoretical basis for the shell structure given by other methods. This theory provides a kind of new method for describing the atomic shell structure.

该理论可以揭示原子的全部壳层结构，产生基本合理的电子数，尤其是正确的预示了原子的亚壳层结构和过渡元素的壳层结构；依据该理论所确定的原子内禀壳层结构为孤立原子的壳层结构提供了统一的客观标准，为其它方法所确定的壳层结构提供了内在的理论依据；原子内禀壳层结构理论为度量孤立原子中处于束缚态下电子排布的壳层结构，提供了清晰的物理图像，为描述原子的壳层结构提供了一种新方法和新理论。

In addition, there are bond areas between the new and the primary coverage because of the growing up of the plating coat, which may lead to the emergence of micro crack on the coating owing to such causes as too big or uneven impact during plating process, little distortion of global granular zinc dust inside the plating coat, less tight coalescence of the zinc dust flecks.

由于形成镀层的过程处在酸性环境，在镀层增厚过程中不可避免把酸性溶液包裹在镀层里面，酸性溶液会与金属基体和镀层反应，产生氢气，必然会寻找通道选出，形成微气孔；镀层是逐渐形成的，新生镀层与原有镀层之间存在结合面；镀覆过程由于撞击力过大或者不均匀，镀层内部球形颗粒状锌粉变形较小，球形颗粒与球形颗粒的结合不严密等，这些原因会导致镀层产生微裂纹。

The biomechanical tests showed that two kinds of artificial bones had not significant difference on compressive strength and Young\'s modulus(P＞0.05),while the flexural strength of nano-nacre artificial bone was less than the control group(P＜0.05).3.The results of CCK-8 showed that the difference were not significant in each group,the proliferation of osteoblast reached the peak at the 5th day;7 days after being co-cultured,the total protein content of study group was higher than control group and blank group(P＜0.05),while the difference between control group and blank group was not significantP＞0.05The difference of alkaline phosphatase activities among three groups was not significant(P＞0.05The SEM view showed that osteoblast attached and grew well in two kinds of artificial bone.4.X-ray photography showed that two kinds of powder started to degrade in 2 weeks;this phenomenon became more appear in 4 weeks,nano-nacre powder degraded faster than micron-nacre powder,while the hole shadow was easy to be found;in 8 weeks,all the femoral holes recovered and returned to normal bone mineral density in all groups.Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone grew fastest around the bone defect area in study group,while most slowly in blank groupP＜0.05 SEM(scanning electron microscope observation showed that nano-nacre powder degraded more quickly.The same result can be found through the demineralized sections morphometric analysis,and both of the composite artificial bones made from those two kinds of nacre powder had the good connection with the adjacent tissue in rats body without apparent inflammatory response.5.X-ray photography showed that rabbit\'s bone defects healed faster in study group since NNAB implanted than in control group since MNAB implanted.At 24 weeks after operation,bone density in radial defects had nearly accessed to the normal area,while lower in control group,and turned up nonunion in blank group;The checking of BMD showed that results in study group were higher than those in control group at 8,16 and 24 week(P＜0.05), and the difference between the BMD values in study group at 24 week and those in blank group was not significant(P＞0.05).The gross specimens showed satisfactory histocompatibility both in study group and in control group,with bone tissue growing from two sides into the center of implanted materials; Normal slices in HE stain and hard tissue grinding slices in Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin stain showed that the bone growth tendency was better in study group than that in control group,and the medullary cavity had been penetrated to the implanted materials in study group at 24 week;Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone in both groups grew fastest 8 weeks after surgery,while slow down at 16 week.

纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨分别与成骨细胞共培养后，其各时间点CCK-8法检测值与空白对照无显著差异(P＞0.05)，成骨细胞均在第5天达到增殖高峰期；培养7天后，实验组细胞蛋白含量高于对照组及空白组(P＜0.05)，后两者之间则无显著差异P＞0.05碱性磷酸酶活性在三组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05电镜下可见成骨细胞在两种人工骨上都有良好生长贴附能力。4.X-ray显示两种粉体在大鼠股骨骨洞植入第2周时都开始出现了降解，第4周时更为明显，纳米珍珠层粉较之微米珍珠层粉降解更快，而空白对照组骨洞阴影仍可见，至8周时，则所有组骨洞均己闭合修复，X-ray下已不可见原钻孔痕迹，恢复正常骨质密度；硬组织磨片四环素荧光双标记结果显示纳米珍珠层粉植入组较其余两组在骨缺损区周围新骨生长速度更快，空白组速度最慢P＜0.05电镜观察及常规脱钙切片亦可见到纳米粉体降解较快；由以上两种原材料制得的纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨在大鼠体内均与周围组织结合良好，无明显炎症反应。5.X-ray显示纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入兔桡骨缺损区后其骨愈合速度较对照组微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入的快，至植入术后24周，实验组骨缺损区接近正常骨密度，对照组骨缺损区密度较低，空白组则呈现骨不连状态；骨密度测量结果显示术后8周、16周、24周实验组的骨密度值高于对照组(P＜0.05，24周实验组的骨密度值与术前所测得的正常值无显著性差异P＞0.05动物取材大体所见均显示组织相容性良好，骨组织逐渐由植入材料两端向中央生长；常规切片HE染色及硬组织磨片Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin联合染色均可见实验组骨缺损区长势优于对照组，至术后24周，实验组骨髓腔与材料已呈相交通状；硬组织磨片荧光显微镜下观察，两组材料在术后8周处于骨生长最快速时期，16周时速度开始减慢，术后4、8、16周时实验组的新骨生长速度均较对照组的快

The canopy structure and leaf morphological characters of 4 sugarcane genotypes at different leaf layers on seedling were studied by using CI-100 plant canopy instrument and CI-203 area meter instrument. The results showed the leaf morphological parameters, canopy structure and radiation transmission at different leaf layers were notably different among different genotypes. The variation of Ila, Amfi, Dl at different leaf layers were mainly caused by the leaf width at relevant position. The variation of K at different leaf layers was related to Amfi and Dl. The variation of Td（transm. coef. for diffuse penetration）had significant correlations with Ila, Amfi and Dl. The variation of Tr（transm. coef. for radiation penetration）had significant correlations with Dl, leaf width and the ratio of leaf length to width. The variation of Par had significant correlations with Ila, leaf area, leaf width and the ratio of leaf length to width.

摘要利用CI-100数字植物冠层分析仪和CI-203叶面积分析仪测定了4个甘蔗品种不同叶位层的冠层参数和相应叶位叶片的形态特征，结果表明：不同基因型不同叶位层间叶片形态、冠层空间结构和冠层辐射特征存在显著差异，不同叶位层叶面积指数、叶簇倾角和叶分布的变化主要由冠层内不同叶位叶片叶宽的变化引起，而不同叶位层消光系数的变化主要与叶簇倾角和叶分布有关；散射光透过系数的变化主要与叶面积指数、叶簇倾角和叶分布有关，直射光透过系数的变化主要与叶分布、叶宽、长宽比有关，光合有效辐射的变化与叶面积指数、叶面积、叶宽、长宽比有关。

At first it analyzes the bedding rock slope"s bedded rock and its incontinuity face, and studies the stress, strain, stability"s condition of the bedding rock slope, fully considering the cohesive force of rock layer and incontinuity face.Geologic mechanics models of two types of bedding rock slope are set up, the instability coefficient of bedding rock slope under different mechanical parameters is computed, and the conclusion that the stability of bedding rock slope is relation to rock layerer, cohesive force of incontinuity face, inner friction angle and rock layer obliquity has been gotten.

本文首先对顺层边坡的层状岩体及其中的层理面和不连续面进行了分析，对其应力应变进行了研究，得出了顺层边坡的稳定性不仅与岩体中岩石的强度有关，还与岩体中层理面及不连续面的内聚力、内摩擦角及其倾角有关；论文建立了层理面和节理面的地质力学模型，讨论了其力学参数变化对边坡稳定性的影响，并在此基础上将层理面和节理面归纳为顺层边坡稳定性的结构面影响因素，同时讨论了影响顺层边坡稳定性的其他因素，从而得出顺层边坡稳定性的评价预测指标。

The invention discloses a LCD panel, colorful filter piece and making method, which comprises the following steps: providing a base; forming a buffer material layer on the base; forming patterned lightproof layer on the buffer material layer; adopting patterned lightproof layer as lid to pattern the buffer material layer to form a patterned buffer layer; forming a separating piece through patterned lightproof layer and patterned buffer layer; making the separating piece form multiple pixel areas on the base; forming a colorful filter layer in each pixel area.

本发明公开了一种液晶显示面板、彩色滤光片及其制作方法，其中彩色滤光片的制作方法包括下列步骤：首先，提供一基板，并在基板上形成一缓冲材料层。接着在缓冲材料层上形成一图案化遮光层。以图案化遮光层为罩幕来图案化缓冲材料层而形成一图案化缓冲层，使得该图案化遮光层与图案化缓冲层共同形成一隔离件，且隔离件在基板上形成多个像素区域。然后在每一像素区域内分别形成一彩色滤光层。

It is found that the structure of the ternary electroless Ni-W-P coating is greatly influenced by W content in the deposit. It is also found that the requisite content of phosphorus for amorphous Ni-W-P structure is less than that of Ni-P binary alloy coating, and the more tungsten exists, the less phosphorus is required. The hardness of the deposits will be enhanced as the deposit structures are changed from amorphous to mix-or nanocrystalline structures. The corrosion resistance of Ni-W-P ternary alloy is improved as W content increased, and the passivation of amorphous deposits is formed more easily than that of mix-structure and nanocrystalline deposits.

研究发现，化学镀Ni-W-P三元合金镀层的结构受镀层中钨含量的影响较大，非晶态Ni-W-P三元合金镀层所需磷含量较非晶态Ni-P二元镀层所需磷含量要低，并且钨含量越高，所需磷含量越少；镀层硬度随镀层结构从非晶态→混晶态→纳米晶态转变而增加；镀层的耐蚀性随镀层中钨含量增加而变好，且非晶态镀层较混晶态和纳米晶态镀层更易形成钝化区。

Basing on the statistic datum existed of bridge deck pavements, analyze the main failure modes and its main causes to damage on different styles of bridge, at the same time, through the big calculation software ,establish the space models to simulate the course of mechanics of bridge deck pavements, analyze the main factors which affect the bridge deck pavement"s mechanics and the relations between them; according to the atmospheric circulation circumstances of bridge deck pavements, take the statistic datum of using life of prefabricated T-beam、box girders and casting girder in region of HUA-NAN as examples to returning analysis ,establishing the life prediction model of this style bridges; associating "the Method of Estimating to Life Cycle Costing,bring forward this method to take a evaluation of economy on bridge deck pavements, insure the life cycle costing reasonable; giving some tactics on the design of bridge deck pavements.

以既有桥梁的桥面铺装层使用现状统计资料为基础，分析了各种类型桥面铺装层的主要破坏形式及其主要损伤原因，同时利用结构分析软件，对桥面铺装层建立空间模型模拟其受力作用过程，分析影响桥面铺装层受力大小的主要因素以及各因素与铺装层受力大小之间的关系；按照桥面铺装层所处环境的不同，以华南地区预制T、箱梁和现浇梁的桥面铺装层正常使用寿命统计数据为例，通过回归分析建立该类型桥面铺装层的正常使用寿命预测模型；利用寿命周期费用评价方法，对特定铺装层的设计方案某一参数的变化所带来的经济效益进行评价；给出桥面铺装层设计构造建议。

The fan delta, sand beach, sand bars and turbidite fan in the TST of SⅡ and SⅢ sequences are the most favorable exploration targets because of favorable source - reservoir - seal assemblages. Since the high - stand system tract in SⅡ sequence has good source - reservoir assemblage and is covered by the regional seal of SⅢ sequence, the hydrocarbon accumulation in this area is controlled by the local seal rock. The HST of SⅡ sequence becomes the second favorable exploration target zone. Because the scales of the sand bodies of alluvial fan and braided river in low - stand system tract of SⅡ and SⅢ sequences are limited, the formation of a large hydrocarbon accumulation is difficult.

良好的生储盖配置使SⅡ层序、SⅢ层序水进体系域的扇三角洲、滩坝及浊积扇砂体成为本区最佳勘探目标层。SⅡ层序高位体系域生储条件配置好，又有SⅢ层序区域盖层的整体封盖，油气聚集受局部盖层直接控制，可成为较有利的勘探目的层。SⅡ层序、SⅢ层序低位体系域的冲积扇、辫状河砂体体积规模较小，难以形成大油气藏。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。