层

In addition, some modifications on several computational methods are also presented. Using LMTO method the electronic structure of several systems are studied, and some results are obtained. They are: The ideal Nb (100) surface has three surface states, the multi-layer relaxed surface has two surface states. The surface energy of the ideal surface is higher than that of the relaxed surface, that means that the multi-layer relaxed surface is more stable than the former one, which supports the LEED results. The mono-layer relaxed Ag (111) surface is the most stable one among several" stable surface models"presented by several researchers. The surface energy of Ag (111) surface is higher than that of surface Ag (001), which supports some experimental results such as different reaction rate at different surface orientations for the same material. The surafce states of Si (111) surface not only locate near the Fermi level, but also in the valence band, which agrees well with Cohen's conclusion. Si (111)-H is an effective model for analysing the surface states and H adsorbed on the back surface is a good method for improving the convincingness of the results obtained on thinner slab models. The surface stability depends on three different kinds of MoSi〓(001) surfaces, the surface with mono-layer Si is the most stable one, and the surface with Mo at the first layer is the most unstable one among them. These are consistant with the Kemoda's experimental results. The valence bands of clean or K adsorbed CdTe (111) surface agrees well with the synchrotron radiation studies. The surface of CdTe (111) consists of four kinds of surface models which show different surface electronic structures and different surface structure stabilities. The conclusion agrees well with Wu's experimental work. The different absorbed alkali metals on the CdTe (111) surface give different adsorption characteristics which have relations not only with the valence electrons, but also with the core ones of the alkali metals. The electonic structures of Si-C alloys are different from that of Si-Ge alloys, and the energy band gaps of Si-C alloys do not increase linearly with Carbon concentration, our conclusion supports Alexander's results, but conflicts with Soref's one.

现分述如下： LMTO方法及其应用方面：1）通过对Nb（100）表面电子态分析发现清洁理想表面有三个表面态，多层弛豫表面有两个表面态；表面能大小说明多层弛豫表面更稳定，支持了LEED结果。2）通过对采用不同方法获得的几种不同Ag（111）表面稳定结构的表面能计算分析，给出了单层弛豫表面为Ag（111）表面的最稳定结构；从Ag（111）单层弛豫表面和Ag（001）表面的表面能比较，发现了Ag（001）表面表面能要比Ag（111）小的，表明了同种物质不同表面取向将表现出不同物理、化学性质，这是与实验中得出的结论是吻合的，3）通过对Si（111）表面态分析，不仅发现了Si（111）表面不仅具有居于费米能级附近的悬挂键所对应的表面态，而且还有很多表面态位于价带能量范围内，与Cohen等结果一致，H饱和slab模型背表面相当于增加了slab层的厚度，是一有效的变相增加slab层厚的方法，弛豫表面较清洁理想表面价带谱们低能端的少许移动，预示着总能降低，说明弛豫表面较清洁理想表面稳定。4）MoSi〓具有三种表面，从费米能级上态密度值大小得到单层Si表面最稳定，Mo原子为表层原子的表面最不稳定，双层Si原子表面居中的结论，这与Kemoda等人实验结果是一致的。5）通过对CdTe（111）表面表面电子态、表面结构稳定性及表面H、碱金属吸附的电子结构系列研究，不仅得出了CdTe（111）清洁及碱金属K吸附价带谱与同步辐射光电子谱相吻合的结果，而且发现了CdTe（111）表面具有四类不同原子近邻特征，表现出四类不同的表面结构及电子结构特征：不同表面态分布、不同的表面结构稳定性（表层原子与次层原子成三键有一悬挂键的表面要比表层原子与次层原子成一键有三悬挂键稳定（与Wu等人实验结果一致））、不同的H吸附特性。

It is found that,there are two types of interfacial cracking patterns of the ceramic coat: in the cooling process, mode Ⅰ is vulnerable to crack at the peak position of the cosine curve, and mode Ⅱ at the middle position; in the heating process, interface edges are introduced into the ceramic coat/substrate system as a result of the vertical cracks emergence, and the ceramic coat will transversely crack at these positions because of the stress concentration effect.

计算时对陶瓷层材料分别按理想线弹性本构和黏塑性本构模型开展了模拟。分析发现，陶瓷层的界面开裂存在两种模式：在降温过程中，陶瓷层容易出现界面波峰处的Ⅰ型开裂与腰部位置处的Ⅱ型开裂；在升温过程中，陶瓷层容易发生垂直开裂使结构中出现陶瓷层/基体的界面端，界面端部严重的应力集中效应使陶瓷层容易在该处横向开裂形成界面处的边裂纹。

This text passes correctly elm two of Daqing oil field is united --One Song unite person who bury oil pipeline scene to live in environment survey and study, is it take a sample test , environmental corrosivity survey , corrosivity measuring of pipeline and assess of soil to excavate, is it cause person who bury pipeline antiseptic layers of invalid main factor to find out , confirm the environmental grade of corrosion of soil according to environmental comprehensive physics and chemistry index of soil, grasp pipeline antiseptic invalid law of layer , study antiseptic layers of resistivity decay law and to influence that negative pole protect, is it suitable for person who bury antiseptic layer of life-span of the pipeline calculate formulae and actual effect criterion model to propose on the basis of this text, illustrate and simply analyse oil field long to fail person who bury antiseptic layer of surplus ability to work of the pipeline, unite for elm two --One Song unite pipeline antiseptic maintenance of layer , is it put forward science rational suggestion to change.

本文通过对大庆油田榆二联——宋一联埋地输油管道所处环境的现场调研、开挖取样化验、环境土壤的腐蚀性勘测、管线的腐蚀性检测和评估，找出引起埋地管道防腐层失效的主要因素，并根据环境土壤的综合理化指标确定该段环境土壤的腐蚀等级，掌握管道防腐层的失效规律，研究防腐层电阻率衰减规律及其对阴极保护的影响，在本文的基础上提出适用于埋地管道防腐层寿命计算公式和失效判据模型，例证和浅析油田长输埋地管道防腐层剩余工作能力，为榆二联——宋一联管道防腐层的维修、更换提出科学合理的建议。

According to the designable feature of the laminates, with the factors of the layer angle and the layer order taken into consideration, a new symmetrical laminate has been designed.

本文基于层合板的可设计性特点，综合考虑铺层角度、铺层顺序等对层合结构的影响，设计出了一种二十四层对称层合板。

The sedimentary facies, reservoir petrology, digenesis and the factors influencing on reservoir of Chang 6, in Wu 410 well region are studied.in the end ,the reservoir are sorted and evaluated by sand body distribution, diagenesis reservoir facies,classification of pore texture etc.

应对油田开发的需要，本文在研究时，对各小层进行了详细的对比和研究，依照沉积旋迴，将长6_1划分为长6_1~1、6_1~2层，每层均具有厚薄不均的3层砂层，其长6_1~(1-1)、长6_1~(1-2)、长6_1~(1-3)和长6_1~(2-1)、长6_1~(2-2)、长6_1~(2-3)等单层砂层，在平面上均可进行对比和研究。

At the same time, the four different genesis types of the sequence interfaces are divided: orogenic erosive sequence unconformity interface, uplift erosive sequence unconformity interface, transgression onlap sequence unconformity interface, exposural sequence unconformity interface; simultaneously the ten concrete mineral showing forms are summarized, i.e. paleo-weathering crust, drossy layer, river rejuvenation surface, paleo-karst surface, slope gravity current erosion surface, intrabasin turbid flow erosion surface, volcanic events surface, lithologic and lithofacies conversion surface, onlap surface and maximium sea flooding surface.

同时归纳出了4种不同的层序界面成因类型：造山侵蚀层序不整合界面、升隆侵蚀层序不整合界面、海侵上超层序不整合界面和暴露层序不整合界面等；同时总结出10种具体的物质表现形式，即：古风化壳、渣状层、河流回春作用面、古喀斯特作用面、斜坡重力流冲刷侵蚀面、盆地内浊流侵蚀面、火山事件作用面、岩性、岩相转换面、上超面和最大海泛面。

If the entry pressure of caprock s and reservoir characters regularly evolute in accordance with the nowadays evolution curve, we can deduce that lithologic traps can form in early time and the traps have several formin.

根据盆地内部储层和盖层的临界条件，利用盖层排替压力曲线和储层物性曲线联合确定了岩性圈闭的发育层段，发现多个层位可发育岩性圈闭。

Hundreds of kilometers in altitude, according to the distribution of electron density with height, usually divided into D layer, E layer and F layer (F layer during the day is divided into F1 layer and F2 layer).

在数百公里高度以下，根据电子密度随高度分布，通常分为D层、E层和F层（F层白天分为 F1层和F2层）。

Integrated with the calculation methods of soil pressure, the mechanism of soil pressure of fale is studied systematically and detailedly based on the mode of axial stress distribution of wholly grouted anchor.

在全长粘结式锚杆拉力分布模型基础之上，结合本文的土钉土压力计算方法，本文对面层土压力机理进行了系统详细的研究，提出了面层局部土压力、面层土压力及土钉最大拉力的计算公式和分布模型，理论分析和实例分析表明，本文提出的轴力分布模型和面层土压力机理是合理的，解决了面层土压力取值标准问题，为面层设计提供了定量的依掘，土钉最大拉力可直接用于土钉长度设计。

Combined the classification results with development performance and injection production relationship in oil field, distribution s for residual oil in the reservoir plane and interlamination are studied and the distribution are also summarized.

通过列举弱水淹层段测井曲线的特征及划分方法，将弱水淹层段划分结果与油藏开发动态及注采关系相结合，研究油藏平面及层间层内剩余油分布，从而总结出油藏平面及层间层内剩余油分布规律。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。