尿道镜

6 cases of urethostenosis, 2 cases of urotithiasis and 1 case of urethral valves were cured one time. They were followed up from 10 months to 6 years and no dysuria occurred. 2 cases of external plank shedding after ureteropelvioplasty were treated with a placement of internal plank through the renal fistulization. The placement and evulsion of internal plank were carried out one time in 8 cases of ureteric calculi (the length of one calculi was as long as 4cm) and 12 cases of ureteropalsty. In 5 cases of upper remotion of internal plank, 4 cases were pulled out successfully and one failed to draw out. The effect is satisfactory to treat urological diseases by means of ureteroscopy in children.

结果 6例尿道狭窄、2例尿道结石、1例尿道瓣膜均一次性治愈，随访10个月~6年，无排尿异常。2例肾盂输尿管成形术后外支架管脱落经肾造瘘口放置内支架；8例输尿管结石（1例石街长约4cm）、12例输尿管成形术后内支架置入和／或拔出均一次完成。5例内支架上移中4例顺利拔出，1例失败、结论输尿管镜对小儿尿路系统大部分疾病的处理有满意效果。

At high power, the urothelial carcinoma does resemble urothelium, but the thickness is much greater than normal and the cells show more pleomorphism.

高倍镜下，移行细胞癌的细胞很象尿道上皮，但比正常尿道上皮厚，且呈多形性。

AgNORs protein stained by silver were used in cytology with Kappa of inter-observers 0.81. For the USG, the patients were scanned with trans-rectal probe with Kappa of inter-observers 0.76. The results of urine cytology combined with USG （Positive when urine cytology and/or USG positive.

采用盲法对每一纳入研究对象同时进行尿脱落细胞嗜银染色、经直肠B超和膀胱镜检查，以膀胱镜结合病理检查的结果为金标准，计算尿脱落细胞嗜银染色结合B超联合诊断膀胱癌经尿道手术后复发的敏感性、特异性和ROC曲线下面积。

Beginning 10 days after the initial internal urethrotomy, the second group had urethral dilations with Benique dilatators (maximal 21F) under intraurethral anesthesia, weekly for the first month, once after three and after six months, and then annually.

在最初接受内视镜尿道造口术后的10天内，第二组利用Benique扩张器(最大 21F)，在麻醉下进行尿道的扩张，首先第一个月是每周进行一次，在来分别在3个月后和6个月后各进行一次，然后每年进行一次。

For man urethral stricture, Holmiun laser combined ureteroscopy can provide a clear visual field and make the incision more precisely, its outcome is markedly superior to cold knife urethrotomy.

输尿管镜联合钬激光治疗男性尿道狭窄视野清晰、切割精确，治疗效果优于经尿道冷刀内切开。

objective to discuss the nursing methods of acute postrenal renal calculus obstruction through ureteroscope.methods the preoperative and postorerative aborative nursing in 22 cases of patients with ureter calculus who were treated by emergency ureteroscope were analyzed retrospectively.results all patients became well and renal function was improved quickly after operation,after the timely treatment and nursing,none patients occured the serious complication.conclusion timely and right preoperative preparation,mental nursing and postoperative nursing were essential for the success of operation.

目的 讨论经尿道输尿管镜治疗急性肾后结石梗阻的护理方法。方法对22名患者进行急诊经尿道输尿管镜，治疗上尿路结石的术前、术后精心护理的回顾分析。结果所有患者顺利接受手术，术后患者全身状况、肾功能快速恢复，并发症得到及时治疗和护理，无一例发生严重并发症。结论及时准确的术前准备、心理护理、术后护理、是保证手术成功的重要保障。

Ureteroscopy was applied to treat 1200 cases which incelluded ureteral stones in 1010 cases (146 cases in upper, 344 cases in middle. 520 cases in lower),ureteral strictures in 18 ureteral double catheter stagnation in 38, urethral stricture in 38, bladder calculi in 41, pelvis calculi in 8, ureterovaginal fistula in 5 and others.

其中行输尿管镜治疗者1200例，包括输尿管结石1010例，其中上段结石146例、中段344例、下段520例；输尿管狭窄18例；医源性双J管滞留38例；男性尿道狭窄38例；膀胱尿道结石41例；肾盂结石8例；输尿管阴道漏5例；小儿逆行输尿管插管20例；内支架管置入22例。

Purpose:To explore the usefulness of ureteroscopy in the treatment of urethrostenosis or urethratresia.

目的：探索输尿管镜在尿道狭窄或闭锁的尿道内切开术治疗中的作用。

Urinary extravasation occurred in 2 cases.Conclusions:Ureteroscopy can increase the cure rate in the treatment of urethrostenosis or urethratresia, especially for children cases.

在尿道狭窄或闭锁的尿道内切开治疗中，输尿管镜可增加治疗的成功率，尤其对小儿病例更是如此。

Methods: Ureteroscopy was used in the treatment of 25 cases of patients with urethrostenosis or urethatresia to find out the right leading direction under direct vision. The stenosis site was cut open by dilating with the ureteroscopy body combine with resection.

采用输尿管镜直视下寻找正确引导方向，利用其镜体的扩张结合其他内窥镜切割术切开狭窄或闭锁段，术后留置导尿管和适当尿道扩张治疗尿道狭窄或闭锁25例。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。