尿道镜

Methods: Twenty-five cases of urethral diseases underwent urethral retrograde contrast sonography and other ways (X-radial urethral contrast, urethroscope and emiction way of urethral contrast).

用逆行尿道声学造影检查25例尿道疾病患者。同时作X线尿道造影、尿道镜、排尿法尿道声学造影进行对比。

The 112 cases review analyses outpatient services are applied curing the clinical data of ureter disease patient through the trans-urethral ureteroscope, and among them cure in next section 97 cases in the middle and lower ureteral stone combination the going on nephralgia, blocking nature kidney, the ballistic lithotripsy etc through the trans-urethral ureteroscope, other is for diagnosis 15 cases URS.

回顾性分析112例急诊应用经尿道输尿管镜术治疗输尿管疾病患者的临床资料，其中经尿道输尿管镜术联合气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管中下段结石合并持续性肾绞痛、梗阻性肾功能不全、感染等97例。

Using urethroscopy under a semi-tumescent penis,an isolated urethral injury with active bleeding was detected at the prostatic urethra.

在半勃起状态下，使用尿道镜检查，在前列腺尿道处发现一个尿道损伤出血点。

Mean operating time was 40 minutes (range, 30-90 minutes), and mean hospital stay was eight hours (range, 6-48 hours). One patient developed a small, local extravasation of fluid, but there were no other perioperative complications. At six weeks after the procedure, patients had catheter removal and voiding cystourethrography, followed by urethroscopy one month later.

平均手术时间是40分钟(范围在30-90 分钟)，且平均住院时间为8个小时(范围在6-48小时)，其中一位患者发展较轻微，只有部分的液体外渗，除此之外没有其它手术后并发症；手术后6个星期，患者移除导管并做排尿膀胱摄影，一个月后以尿道镜检视法追踪。

In an accompanying editorial, Joel Gelman, MD, from the University of California, Irvine, notes that urethroscopy was performed one month after catheter removal, making it possible for recurrences to be missed.

美国加州Irvine大学Joel Gelman医师在社论中指出，尿道镜检视法是在导尿管拔除后一个月执行，让复发不再发生。

To evaluate the effect of interal urethrotomy with cold knife under urethrascope for urethrostenosis and urethratresia.

探讨尿道内内镜冷刀切开治疗尿道狭窄或闭锁的疗效。应用STORZ公司 2 1号镜鞘，放入冷刀工作件，插入尿道镜，冲液下观尿道，直至狭窄部。

At a mean follow-up of 15 months (range, 10-19 months), 19 (65.51%) of 29 patients had excellent results, and nine patients (31.03%) had acceptable results. HolCTU failed to maintain good flow in the latter group, necessitating internal urethrotomy/endoscopic dilation once or twice for stabilization (maximal flow rate 15 mL/s or greater). One patient (3.44%) had recurrent obstruction despite repeated internal urethrotomy, which finally required formal transpubic urethroplasty. All of the patients were continent, with no change in potency status.

经过15个月的后续追踪(范围在1 0-19个月)，29位患者中有19 位(65.51%)患者有极佳的效果，另有9位(31.03%)患者有可以接受的效果；不过，后面几组无法以尿道造口术维持好的流动，为了稳定流速，需要一至两次内部的尿道造口术/内视镜扩张术(最大流速为5 mL/s 或更大)；有1位(3.44%)患者虽然重复接受内部尿道造口术，但是一再发生阻塞，患者最后需要经正规的耻骨尿道成形术，全部患者可在不影响性功能的情况下控制排尿。

Abstract］ objective to assess the efficacy and safety of holmium laser urethrotomy under ureteroscope to treat the urethral stricture.methods 16 cases were treated by holmium laser resection under ureteroscope.the length of the stricture was 0.1～1.0 cm.the blood loss and the complications as well as curative effect after operation were observed.results all of the cases were treated successfully with less bleeding and no severe complications.the maximal urinary flow rate improved obviously after operation.conclusion the holmium laser under ureteroscope demonstrates good effect to treat urethral stricture.

目的 探讨输尿管镜下钬激光切开术治疗尿道狭窄的疗效。方法 16例患者采用经尿道输尿管镜下钬激光切开术治疗，狭窄长度0.1～1.0 cm，观察其术中出血、术后并发症及疗效。结果 16例患者均顺利完成手术，疗效满意，术中出血少，术后最大尿流率较术前有明显改善，无严重并发症发生。结论输尿管镜下钬激光切开术治疗对尿道狭窄是一种安全、微创且行之有效的治疗方法。

200IU BTX-A was dissolved in 8ml normal saline, and the solution of BTX-A was injected into 8 different points in urinary sphincter using a flexible cystoscopic needle, with each point of 1ml solution. The effects was evaluated and followed up. Result: One month after injection, the hydronephrosis decreased from 3.9±1.2cm to 1.1±0.8cm and PUV did so from 187±58ml to 54±18ml in all patients.

对逼尿肌－外括约肌协同失调的13例患者，将200IU BTX-A溶解于8ml生理盐水，在膀胱尿道镜下分点注射于外括约肌内；对DESD合并逼尿肌－膀胱颈协同失调的6例患者，将200IU BTX-A溶解于12ml生理盐水，分点注射于膀胱颈及外括约肌内。1个月后复查上述检查指标。

Objective To compare the effects and complications of epidural anesthesia and combined sinal and epidural anesthesia for transurethral ureteroscope lithotripsy, and to discuss anesthesia methods for URL.

目的：观察比较硬膜外麻醉和腰麻硬膜外联合麻醉两种麻醉方法，用于输尿管镜及气压弹道碎石器行经尿道输尿管镜下碎石术的麻醉效果及并发症，探讨尿道输尿管镜下碎石手术的麻醉方法。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。