尿道的

Now the urethral tissue has been trimmed, and has been brought through the lower incision in the vulva , creating the new urethral meatus.

现在尿道的组织已经修整好，并且从会阴上较低的那个开口拉出来，开辟成一个新的泌尿管道。

G4 X 20. Now the urethral tissue has been trimmed, and has been brought through the lower incision in the vulva, creating the new urethral meatus.

现在尿道的组织已经修整好，并且从会阴上较低的那个开口拉出来，开闢成一个新的泌尿管道。

Part two: Urethroplasty by using skin oversleeve with vesicomucosa to treat hypospadias.

为解决单独使用膀胱粘膜尿道成形术后并发症较多的问题，我们设计了皮肤袖套式膀胱粘膜尿道成形术治疗重型尿道下裂及部分首次手术失败的尿道下裂患儿，即用游离包皮内板或游离阴囊中隔皮片在尿道外口处做成一短段尿道，然后用游离膀胱粘膜形成全段人工尿道并从包皮内板或游离阴囊中隔皮片做成的尿道内穿出。

And it even spread to my urethra (where it chronically persists in a mild state of infection).

它甚至蔓延到我的尿道的感染温和的状态。

Methods Twelve patients who suffered from external orifice stricture were treated with urethral dilation, and we performed prophylactic urethrotomy just before operation on the latest 56 patients who underwent TUPKRP and strengthened local nursing after the operation.

对12例发生尿道外口狭窄的患者采用尿道外口扩张、尿道外口切开，对最近56例施行TUPKRP患者采用预防性尿道外口切开及加强术后尿道外口的护理。

Methods: Selected 93 confirmed cases with hypospadias during May 2003 to Sep 2009. Patients in balanic type were treated with meatal advancement and glandularp lasty; patients with urethra orifice at 2/3 of corpus penis accompanied with slight chordee of penis were treated with Snodgrass method or Onlay method; patients with severe chordee of penis were treated with Duckett method; patients in scrotum or perineum type were treated with combination of Duplay and Duckett; severe hypospadia patients were treated with curved pedicle penis-scrotum and skin flap urethroplasty; patients with good outer plate of ventral prepuce and chordee of penis were treated with ventral pedicle hooded foreskin flap.

选取2003年5月～2008年9月期间收治的93例确诊尿道下裂患者，对阴茎头型患者采用尿道口前移、阴茎头成形法；尿道口在阴茎体外2/3段伴有阴茎轻度下弯者采用尿道板纵切卷管法或加盖岛状皮板法（Snodgrass术或On-lay术）；有严重阴茎下弯的所有阴茎体型采用横裁或纵裁包皮岛状皮瓣尿道成形；阴囊型或会阴型用阴囊中缝皮管加横裁包皮岛状皮瓣成形尿道（Duplay联合Duckett术）；对重度尿道下裂患儿采用弧形带蒂阴茎阴囊联合皮瓣尿道成形术；对腹侧包皮外板发育良好患儿及合并阴茎下曲的患儿采用腹侧带蒂帽状包皮皮瓣法。

Methods: Selected 93 confirmed cases with hypospadias during May 2003 to Sep 2009. Patients in balanic type were treated with meatal advancement and glandularp lasty; patients with urethra orifice at 2/3 of corpus penis accompanied with slight chordee of penis were treated with Snodgrass method or Onlay method; patients with severe chordee of penis were treated with Duckett method; patients in scrotum or perineum type were treated with combination of Duplay and Duckett; severe hypospadia patients were treated with curved pedicle penisscrotum and skin flap urethroplasty; patients with good outer plate of ventral prepuce and chordee of penis were treated with ventral pedicle hooded foreskin flap.

选取2003年5月～2008年9月期间收治的93例确诊尿道下裂患者，对阴茎头型患者采用尿道口前移、阴茎头成形法；尿道口在阴茎体外2/3段伴有阴茎轻度下弯者采用尿道板纵切卷管法或加盖岛状皮板法(Snodgrass术或Onlay术)；有严重阴茎下弯的所有阴茎体型采用横裁或纵裁包皮岛状皮瓣尿道成形；阴囊型或会阴型用阴囊中缝皮管加横裁包皮岛状皮瓣成形尿道(Duplay联合Duckett术)；对重度尿道下裂患儿采用弧形带蒂阴茎阴囊联合皮瓣尿道成形术；对腹侧包皮外板发育良好患儿及合并阴茎下曲的患儿采用腹侧带蒂帽状包皮皮瓣法。

The surgery of female stress urinary incontinence has more ways,but it is essentially around two main themes:First,extense urethra,narrow urethra cavity diameter,increase urethral wall tension; Second,improve the bladder neck location,restore bladder urethra horn,recover the pressure transfer to urethra side when abdominal pressure increases,thus increase the urethral atresia pressure and length of the urethra,reach the aim to control incontinence.

女性压力性尿失禁手术治疗的方法较多，但本质上主要围绕两个主题进行：一是延长尿道，缩小尿道腔径，增加尿道壁张力；二是提高膀胱颈位置，恢复膀胱尿道后角，恢复增加腹压时压力向尿道侧的传递，从而增加尿道闭锁压及机能尿道长度，以达控制尿失禁的目的。

Objective: To explore the mechanisms resulting in the recurrence of urethral scar which make urethral strictures difficult to be cured, a series experiments were conducted to find potential effective factors involved in urethral scar formation and degradation, including the studies of extracellular matrix component of urethral stricture scar, the characteristics of urethral scar fibroblast, and the effects of urine on urethral fibroblast in vitro, as well as the studies to compare the difference of collagenase activity, type Ⅰ collagen and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the tissues and cultured fibroblasts from normal urethra and strictured urethra respectively, and the studies to investigate the effect of antisense TIMP-1 oligodeoxyonucleotide on cell proliferation and collagenase activity of urethral scar fibroblast.

中文题名尿道瘢痕基础研究副题名胶原酶活性，TIMP-1的表达及其反义基因治疗外文题名 Experimental study on urethral scar-activity of collagenase，expression of TIMP-1，and antisense TIMP-1 gene transfection of urethral scar fibroblast 论文作者黄翔导师杨宇如教授学科专业外科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位四川大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数104页关键词尿道手术瘢痕胶原酶成纤维细胞尿道瘢痕馆藏号BSLW /2003 /R699 /12 目的：研究尿道瘢痕的细胞外基质的组成，尿道瘢痕成纤维细胞的生物学特性以及尿液对其生长的影响；比较胶原酶活性，金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1（TIMP-1）以及Ⅰ型胶原含量在尿道瘢痕和正常尿道组织及体外培养的成纤维细胞中的差异；研究反义TIMP-1寡核苷酸对尿道瘢痕成纤维细胞增殖以及胶原酶活性的影响。

Result The patients of posterior urethral stricture using the posterior urethrascope have been followed up for 1 moth to 22 years,clinical results:good in 89cases\general in 23cases\poor in 12cases\failed in 9cases,good rate being 84.2%,succeeding rate being 93.2%;The patients of preceding urthrostenosis using the preceding urethrastenosis cutting knife have been followed up for 16 years,the patients using the urethrastenosis dilator have been followed up for 7moths to 7years,the result is good.

经尿道一次性完成手术操作。结果：应用后尿道狭窄切开器治疗各种不同类型的后尿道狭窄133例，经1月至22年随访，效果优者89例，良者23例，差者12例，失败9例。优良率84.2%，有效率93.2%；前尿道狭窄切开刀治疗前尿道狭窄3例，随访16年，效果良好；系列尿道狭窄扩张器治疗尿道狭窄3例，经7个月至7年随访，效果良好。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。