尿道

Temporarily catheterization pulls out inside 24 H ureter, if undertake uric education or acute retention of urine wait,adopt temporarily catheterization; leaves buy catheterization to be in clinical on common, ureter needs to leave above of buy 24 H, urethral mouth is daily want clean disinfection 2 times, daily change 1 times; keeps bag of collect make water or drainage bottle the person that buy catheter exceeds 7d, change every week ureter 1, with 0 · normally according to the circumstance of fluid of eduction make water 9% physiological saline undertake bladder is rinsed. 2 common problems patient of a few males is opposite circumstance of the psychogenic disorder when 1 catheterization of 2 · nurse catheterization produces psychogenic disorder, often be flushed, next abdomen and perineal ministry muscle are nervous, shadow fugleman make water goes on wheels, impact of urgenter to the illness patient psychogenic disorder is not big, ache and bladder are bouffant the mood that held them, catheterization process is more successful. 2 · 2 see the phenomenon is cracked below road junction of female patient make water occasionally 20 old clinical nurse in the job, the female cracks a circumstance to see 4 below urethral mouth.

临时导尿在24 h内拔除尿管，如进行尿培养或急性尿潴留等采取临时导尿；留置导尿在临床上常见，尿管需留置24 h以上，尿道口每日要清洁消毒2次，每日更换集尿袋或引流瓶1次；留置导尿管超过7d者，每周更换尿管1次，根据排出尿液的情况通常以0·9%生理盐水进行膀胱冲洗。2常见新问题2·1导尿时心理障碍情况一些男性患者对护士导尿产生心理障碍，往往面红耳赤，下腹部及会阴部肌肉紧张，影响导尿顺利进行，对于病情较急的患者心理障碍影响不大，疼痛和膀胱鼓胀占据了他们的情绪，导尿过程较顺利。2·2偶见女性患者尿道口下裂现象20多年的临床护理工作中，女性尿道口下裂情况见4例。

The pelvic nerve of inferior hypogastric plexus originated from the most caudal root of the pelvic splanchnic nerve, running along the surface of the levator ani and passing laterally around the vagina and rectum to enter the sphincter musculature at the 5-o'clock and 7-o'clock positions. 7l.4% of specimens were found intrapelvic branches which were given by pudendal nerve. Before leaving the pudendal canal, pudendal nerve gave an intrapelvic branch that passed the levator ani and accompanied with pelvic nerve to innervate the sphincter when it approached the sphincter. The distance between these intrapelvic branches and the level of the bladder neck was about (12.6±1.6)mm.

结果：控尿神经是由下腹下丛和阴部神经盆内盆外分支组成，其中盆神经是下腹下丛远端盆内脏神经分支，沿肛提肌表面到达尿道5点和7点位。71.4%的标本中发现阴部神经存在盆内分支，此分支自阴部管内的阴部神经主干穿肛提肌进入盆内，大约在接近尿道括约肌时汇入盆神经共同进入尿道括约肌，其进入尿道的位置距离膀胱颈平面(12.6±1.6)mm。

The idea material should have some characteristics as following: no immunogenicity, no exclusion, lower anaphylaxis,nonvenomous,effctive,the same anatomical structure as the receptor organs, having less inflammation in the site of injecting and no shifting from the injecting site to other organs,easily practicing and reasonable cost.

近几年，注射治疗以其安全、简单、方便、创伤较小，在门诊即可施行的优点日渐引起了人们的重视，它是将药物或化学制剂注射到后尿道或膀胱内口周围粘膜下及肌层中，使尿道腔变窄、拉长和缩小，从而提高尿道阻力，关闭尿道内口，以有效控制尿流。

Objective rio compare Onlay island flap procedures and Snodgrass procedures for hypospadias repair, and evaluate the choice between the two.

目的：比较加盖岛状皮瓣尿道成形术与尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术在治疗尿道下裂中的优缺点，并探讨术式选择的条件。

Onlay island flap group were 2 - 10 years old, with an average age of 4.72, including Ⅱ degree 22 cases, and m degree 2 cases, all were primary surgery; Snodgrass group were 2 - 13 years old, with an average age of 4.76,Ⅱ degree 36 cases,Ⅲ degree 3 cases, IV degree 1 case, 37 were primary surgery, 3 were repeat surgery.

其中Ⅱ度22例，Ⅲ度2例，均为初次行尿道成形术者；Snodgrass术组年龄2～13岁，平均4、76岁，其中Ⅱ度36例，m度3例，Ⅳ度1例。37例为初次行尿道成形术者，3例为初次尿道成形术失败，再次行尿道成形术者。

Results In Onlay island flap group, there were 5 cases with urethral fistula （21%）, 1 case with neourethral dehiscence （4%）, and none with urethral stricture; In Snodgrass group, 7 cases with urethral fistula （18%）, 1 case with neourethral dehiscence （3%）, 1 case with outside of urethral stricture （3%）, 3 repeat surgery cases without complications.

结果：本组Onlay术有尿瘘5例（21％），阴茎头裂开1例（4％），无尿道狭窄；Snodgrass术有尿瘘7例（18％），阴茎头裂开1例（3％）。无尿道狭窄，但有尿道外口狭窄1例（3％），3例再次尿道成形术者未发生并发症。

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of urethroplasty, this was operated by the utilization of longitudinal preputial island flaps of dorsum penis.

目的：评价阴茎背侧纵行带蒂包皮瓣尿道成形术在尿道下裂修复中的应用及疗效；方法：采用改进的阴茎背侧纵形带蒂包皮瓣尿道下裂修复术治疗26例有阴茎弯曲，背侧包皮丰富的中、近段尿道下裂。

objective to summarize the merit and surgical essentials of pedicled preputial flap urethral phase ⅰ to treathypospadias.methods 28 cases of hypospadias use pedicled prepuce phase ⅰ orthotropia gap to repair hypospadias.

目的 总结带蒂包皮皮瓣行尿道ⅰ期成形术治疗尿道下裂的优点及手术要领。方法对28例尿道下裂患儿采用带蒂包皮ⅰ期正位开口治疗尿道下裂。

The urethroplasty with urethral plate is adapt to the majority of hypospadias, significantly reduced urethral stricture and other serious complications.

保留尿道板的尿道成形术适用于大多数尿道下裂，可显著降低尿道狭窄等严重并发症的发生。

Methods 70urethroplasty cases were randomly divided into2groups,the urethral stents were douched with0.9%N.S in the cotrol group,and the integrated nursing interventionwas applied in the treatment group,the INI includerays the use of10ml0.9%N.S plus80000units gentamicin for douche,swabbing genitals with nitrofurazone solution and infrared rays exposure of genitals.

选择尿道下裂带蒂皮瓣正位开口一期尿道成形术患者70例随机分为2组：一组是常规用生理盐水冲洗尿道支架管方法；另一组是生理盐水10ml加庆大霉素8万U冲洗新尿道支架管，呋喃西林溶液擦拭外阴部以及红外线伤口局部照射的护理干预方法综合护理，观察尿瘘的发生率。

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Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。