尿结石

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy using patented sheath in treating upper urinary tract calculi.

目的：探讨应用专利设计的经皮肾微造瘘吸引碎石清石鞘治疗上尿路结石的临床疗效和安全性。

One patient received percutaneous nephrostomy for persistent renal colic and pyonephrosis.

利用超音波来诊断怀孕时合并尿路结石是相当合理且准确的方法。

Key words］ percutaneous nephrostomy;ureteroscope;urinary stones

关键词］经皮肾穿刺造瘘术；输尿管镜；尿路结石

The pathogical changes and the clinical results of the involved kidneys in this studY lead the authors to believe that primary nephrectomy would be much preferable than preliminary nephrostomy in those pateints.

根据脓肾造瘘后患肾的转归和病理学改变，作者认为对于单侧上尿路结石并脓肾患者的治疗，一期切除病肾应作为首选。

The ureteroscopic holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy can he the first choice for the post-renal acute renal failure associated with upper urinary tract stones, due to its safety and efficiency. At the same time, retrograde intubation under cystoscope and percutaneous nephrostomy will be helpful.

上尿路梗阻是肾后性急性肾功能衰竭的主要原因，如能明确是结石引起的肾后性肾功能衰竭，应首选输尿管镜下钬激光碎石并置管引流；如不能明确，膀胱镜下逆行插管和经皮肾穿刺造瘘引流也是可行的急诊有效方法。

For the pregnant women complicating with upper urinary tract calculi, ultrasound is the preliminary consideration. The percutaneous nephrostomy,urteroscopy,and even the double J stents inserting were safety choices.

妊娠期上尿路结石的诊断首选超声检查，治疗以保守治疗为主，外科治疗包括输尿管置管、经皮肾造瘘及输尿管镜腔内治疗。

Special contrast X-rays to evaluate the urethra and bladder for less dense stones that cannot be seen on plain X-rays and to identify tumors or anatomical abnormalities such as an outpouching of the bladder.

特殊对比的X光检查可以判断在尿道和膀胱里的少数结石（在普通的X光检查里可能发现不到），也可以判断肿瘤或结构上的异常，如膀胱的泌尿憩室

A retrospective study of treatment of upper urinary calculi complicated pyonephrosis in 40 cases admitted between Jan 1979 and June 1985 was presnted.

本文对1979年至1985年6月收治的上尿路结石并脓肾40例作了治疗方面回顾性分析。

I love the amniotic fluid when it spills out of the bag. I love the kidney with its painful gallstones, its gravel and what not; I love the urine that pours out scalding and the clap that runs endlessly; I love the words of hysterics and the sentences that flow on like dysentery and mirror all the sick images of the soul; I love the great rivers like the Amazon and the Orinoco, where crazy men like Moravagine float on through dream and legend in an open boat and drown in the blind mouths of the river. I love everything that flows, even the menstrual flow that carries away the seed unfecund. I love scripts that flow, be they hieratic, esoteric, perverse, polymorph, or unilateral. I love everything that flows, everything that has time in it and becoming, that brings us back to the beginning where there is never end: the violence of the prophets, the obscenity that is ecstasy, the wisdom of the fanatic, the priest with his rubber litany, the foul words of the whore, the spittle that floats away in the gutter, the milk of the breast and the bitter honey that pours from the womb, all that is fluid, melting, dissolute and dissolvent, all the pus and dirt that in flowing is purified, that loses its sense of origin, that makes the great circuit toward death and dissolution.

我爱从羊膜中溅出的羊水；我爱生着引起痛苦的的结石、肾砂和诸如此类东西的肾脏；我爱撒出的热呼呼的尿和久治不愈的淋病；我爱歇斯底里的疯话、像拉痢疾一样一泻而出的句子和灵魂全部病态的映像；我爱亚马逊河和奥里诺科河这样的大河，那儿摩拉瓦基乃之流的狂人在一只无顶的小船上漂过了梦和古老的传说，淹死在瞎眼的河口中；我爱流动的一切，甚至爱女人来月经时流出的血，它冲走了生育能力不强的精子；我爱会流动的手稿，不论它们是用象形文字写的、深奥的、反常的、多形体的或是单边音的；我爱流动的一切，一切其中有时间的和适当的东西，它们把我们带回永远不会结束的开始中，即先知们激烈、令人狂喜的猥亵，宗教狂的智慧，牧师和他的橡皮连祷文，妓女的下流话，从排水道里漂走的唾液，乳房里的奶汁和子宫里流出的带苦味的蜜水，以及一切流质的、溶化的、放荡的和有溶解力的，所有在流动中得到静化的脓和脏物，那些失去其出身意识的东西和那些将大循环驱向死亡和瓦解的东西。

I love the amniotic fluid when it spills out of the bag. I love the kidney with its painful gallstones, its gravel and whatnot; I love the urine that pours out scalding and the clap that runs endlessly; I love the words of hysterics and the sentences that flow on like dysentery and mirror all the sick images of the soul; I love the great rivers like the Amazon and the Orinoco, where crazy men like Moravagine float on through dream and legend in an open boat and drown in the blind mouths of the river. I love everything that flows, even the menstrual flow that carries away the seed unfecund. I love scripts that flow, be they hieratic, esoteric, perverse, polymorph, or unilateral. I love everything that flows, everything that has time in it and becoming, that brings us back to the beginning where there is never end: the violence of the prophets, the obscenity that is ecstasy, the wisdom of the fanatic, the priest with his rubber litany, the foul words of the whore, the spittle that floats away in the gutter, the milk of the breast and the bitter honey that pours from the womb, all that is fluid, melting, dissolute and dissolvent, all the pus and dirt that in flowing is purified, that loses its sense of origin, that makes the great circuit toward death and dissolution.

我爱从羊膜中溅出的羊水；我爱生着引起痛苦的的结石、肾砂和诸如此类东西的肾脏；我爱撒出的热呼呼的尿和久治不愈的淋病；我爱歇斯底里的疯话、像拉痢疾一样一泻而出的句子和灵魂全部病态的映像；我爱亚马逊河和奥里诺科河这样的大河，那儿摩拉瓦基乃之流的狂人在一只无顶的小船上漂过了梦和古老的传说，淹死在瞎眼的河口中；我爱流动的一切，甚至爱女人来月经时流出的血，它冲走了生育能力不强的精子；我爱会流动的手稿，不论它们是用象形文字写的、深奥的、反常的、多形体的或是单边音的；我爱流动的一切，一切其中有时间的和适当的东西，它们把我们带回永远不会结束的开始中，即先知们激烈、令人狂喜的猥亵，宗教狂的智慧，牧师和他的橡皮连祷文，妓女的下流话，从排水道里漂走的唾液，***里的奶汁和子宫里流出的带苦味的蜜水，以及一切流质的、溶化的、放荡的和有溶解力的，所有在流动中得到静化的脓和脏物，那些失去其出身意识的东西和那些将大循环驱向死亡和瓦解的东西。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。