尿结石

Objective: To evaluate the perioperative nursing of upper urinary tract calculi treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy using third generation Swiss Lithoclast Master under ultrasound guidance.

目的：探讨超声引导经皮肾镜应用第三代超声／弹道碎石清石系统治疗上尿路结石的护理措施。

The treatment of upper urinary tract calculi by percutaneous nephrolithotomy using third generation Swiss Lithoclast Master appears to be safe and efficacious under ultrasound guidance. Abundant preoperative preparation,compact cooperation during surgery and strict postoperative management can improve successful rate.

超声引导经皮肾镜超声／弹道碎石取石术是治疗上尿路结石的安全、高效的方法；充分的术前准备、紧密的术中配合、严格的术后护理能有效提高治疗成功率。

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy;Swiss Lithoclast Master;Upper urinary tract calculi;Nursing

经皮肾镜；超声／弹道碎石清石系统；上尿路结石；护理

Methods: 86 patients were given percutaneous nephrolithotomy using third generation swiss lithoclast master.told the patients to lie up after the skill,drink more water.strengthen the management of catheterization tube and kidney and make fistula,did the guidance before patients leaving hospital.

做好充分术前准备，经皮肾镜应用第三代超声／弹道碎石清石系统治疗上尿路结石86例，术后卧床休息，多饮水，加强肾造瘘管、导尿管的护理，做好出院指导。

Results All bladder stone were fragmented with the ballistic Swiss Lithoclast,The intraoperative hemorrhage was90-230ml with an average of140ml.The operation time was100-160min.One month lat-er,the IPSS score was14and the maximum urine flow rate was16.8ml.s.

结果 所有患者均一次性治疗成功，除碎石时膀胱粘膜有散在充血、水肿外，无膀胱穿孔发生，未见结石复发及尿失禁和尿道狭窄等并发症。

Objectives: To explore the curative effect and safety of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of urinary calculi.

目标：探讨体外震波碎石治疗泌尿系统结石的疗效和安全性。

Purpose:To evaluate the efficacy of B ultrasound-guided electromagnetic type lithotriptor for upper urinary tract stone.

目的 评价B超定位电磁式碎石机治疗上尿路结石的效果。

We used MZ-V type lithotriptor with lower energy and double location in the treatment of upper urianry calcii for 2 008 patients.

应用MZ-V型B超、X线双定位低能量碎石机治疗上尿路结石2 008例。

Methods:From April,1995 to March,2000, 1967 patients with upper urinary tract stone were treated with B ultrasound-guided electromagnetic type lithotriptor.

1996年4月至2001年3月，利用B超定位电磁式碎石机治疗上尿路结石1967例。

The whole successful rate was 90%. Nearly all cases with different degree hematuria and 5 cases with nephric angina were alleciated after conservative therepy and double "J" stents.

结果：36例患者经输尿管镜成功取出结石32例，成功率为90％； 36例患者都出现不同程度的血尿，肾绞痛5例，均在保守治疗或留置双&J&管后缓解消失。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。