尿毒症

Objective:Through the investigation of gerontal chronic kidney diseasewithout kidney damage to the people above 60 year old in Yangjiang area,we want to know the detection rate in order to enhance the recognition about CKD and delay it changing into uremia by the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine clinic.

目的：通过对阳江地区60岁以上的无肾损害老年慢性肾疾病调查，了解其检出率。以提高对 CKD 的认识，并以中医药临床干预，延缓其向尿毒症发展。方法：选用 Cockcroft～Gault 公式做为计算 GFR 的方法，按 K/DOQI 诊断标准分级；将 3、4级 CKD 226例患者随机分为中医药治疗组126例进行中医药治疗，对照组100例不治疗。

Hemapoietic stem cell transplantation and the treatment of kidney disease

适应症：用于治疗急性肾功能衰竭所致的电解质紊乱和尿毒症。

Also, a small amount of cases (3-5%) results in a condition called hemolytic uremic syndrome.

此外，有少量的情况下（ 3-5 ％），结果在一个条件称为溶血性尿毒症候群。

Methods 36 cases of UE with sustaining hemodialysis between March 2008 and June 2009 was retrospectively analyzed,20 of which received hemoperfusion online continuous venovenous hemofiltrationand 16 only underwent continuous venovenous hemofiltration.Heartrates,mean arterypressure,APACHEII score,kalium ion,hydrocarbonic radical,blood urea nitrogenand serum creawere detected before and aftertherapy.

回顾性分析我院2008年3月至2009年6月维持性透析合并尿毒症脑病的患者36例，其中20例行血液灌流串联连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过，16例行单纯连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过，比较两组治疗前后心率、平均动脉压、APACHEⅡ评分、钾离子、碳酸氢根、尿素氮、血肌酐变化以及神经精神症状缓解情况和到达缓解所需时间。

The Th1/Th2 ratio was decreased markedly in uremic patients (P＜0.05). Conclusions Uremic patients showed Th2 predominance. LYmphopenia and Th1/Th2 imbalance may contribute to the immuno-insufficiency in HD patients.

尿毒症患者T细胞亚群表现为Th2优势，透析患者存在B淋巴细胞减少，淋巴细胞亚群的这些改变可能参与了血液透析患者免疫功能下降的发病机理。

Objective To study the effects of high glucose and uremic serum on the expression of VEGF in human peritoneal mesothelial cell.

上海，上海交通大学附属第一人民医院肾内科摘要目的高糖、尿毒症血清对人腹膜间皮细胞VEGF表达的影响。

Methods Twenty four patients with chronic renal diseases and 48 healthy volunteers were examined with SS-EPI DWI at 3.0T MR. In chronic renal disease group, RIF of 14 patients who received renal biopsy was determined as grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ based on the tubule- interstitial damage degree, while RIF of 10 patients with uremia, who did not receive biopsy but had nephrogenic renal atrophy, was categorized as grade Ⅲ.

对照组（48例正常志愿者）和慢性肾病组（24例慢性肾脏疾病患者）在肾脏常规MR扫描后行DWI扫描，慢性肾病组14例行穿刺活检，根据病理结果将肾小管间质损害程度分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ级；另10例肾脏体积缩小的慢性肾功能衰竭尿毒症期患者定为Ⅲ级。

The mortality of uremic dialysis treatment group was 17.4%, the mortality of non-dialysis treatment group was 73.3%.conclusion the incidence of patients with chronic renal failure was high, secondary factors were the nonnegligible cause.

误诊率达27.5%。尿毒症透析治疗组病死率为17.4%，非透析治疗组病死率为73.3%。结论老年人慢性肾衰竭发病率高，继发因素是不可忽视的病因。

Serious accumulation is caused by heart failure, peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernias, uremia, pericardial cysts, or hypoalbuminemia.

严重积液是由心力衰竭、心包囊横膈疝气、尿毒症、心包囊肿或低蛋白血症引起。

The uraemic toxin phenylacetic acid increases the formation of reactive oxygen species in vascular smooth muscle cells.

尿毒症毒素苯乙酸使血管平滑肌细胞活性氧簇形成增加

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。