尿检查

Patients with seere CAP, as defined aboe, should at least hae blood samples drawn for culture, urinary antigen tests for Legionella pneumophila and Streptococcus pneumoniae performed, and expectorated sputum samples collected for culture.

对于以上定义的重症CAP患者，至少要做血培养，军团菌、肺炎链球菌的尿抗原检查，痰培养。

Nate becomes violent and when asked to produce aurine sample and pees on the floor.

Nate开始变得暴躁，当他们要求他留尿液检查时，nate在地板上小便。

The peristalses of the dilated ureter could be seen but it disappeared in the end of the ionvolved ureter,which was of normal calibrc.Delay in the empty of ureter was seen.The ureter counter current from the bladder could not be found.

而扩张输尿管末端临近膀胱入口处管径正常，为功能性梗阻段，长度为1～2cm；（2）除功能性梗阻段以外，其余段输尿管的蠕动一般正常，早期有时可见高蠕动；（3）扩张输尿管排空延迟；（4）无膀胱输尿管返流；（5）本病的X线造影检查应选用大剂量静脉尿路造影，造影时早期解除腹压带，增加延迟摄片，并加照膀胱斜位点片，加强动态观察。

objective to evaluate efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsyfor treating ureteral stones in situ,investigate the cause of higher re-treatment rate.methods total of 687 patients with ureteral stone were received eswl between january 2000 and december 2004,included 455 male(66.2%) and 232 female(33.8%) patients,6 cases have bilateral ureteral calculi,12 cases have unilateral multiple calculi.hence,together 709 ureteral calculi were treated.patients upper ureteral calculi were treated in the supine position,for lower ureteral calculi patients were turned prone.to reduce eswl-induced renal trauma and pain,using lower energy source,adjusted power setting from 9.8 to 13.2kv,limited 1500 shock wavs per one session.no auxiliary procedure were used before eswl.the stone size was measured as the surface area of stone length by stone width on x-ray film.the interval between two treatment sessions was two weeks.results of 709 ureteral calculi,the overall stone free rate was 97.3%(690 calculi),re-treatment rate was 34.1%(292 calculi).according to the performed treatment sessions,one session 467 calculi,the mean stone size 37.27mm2,stone free rate 65.4%(464 calculi).two sessions 138 calculi,the mean stone size 62.48mm2,stone free rate 18.4%(131calculi).three sessions 52 calculi,the mean stone size 79.60mm2,stone free rate 7.1%(50calculi).four sessions 19 calculi,the mean stone size 101.63mm2,stone free rate 2.4%(17calculi).fivesessions 33 calculi,the mean stone size 119.33mm2,stone free rate 3.9%(28 calculi).overall 19 cases(2.7%)turned to other treatment modalities.of 335 upper ureteral calculi,303 achieved stone free (95.8%),re-treatment rate was 38.5%(129 calculi).of 374 lower ureteral calculi,369 achieved stone free(98.7%),re-treatment rate was 30.2%(113 calculi).the re-treatment rate of upper ureteral calculi was higher than lower ureteral calculi(p＜0.05,χ2=5.40).the difference of stone-free rate between upper and lower ureteral calculi was no significant(p＞0.05,χ2=0.15).conclusion eswl should be considered first line therapy for ureteral stone still.stone burden are the main variable of higher re-treatment rate,upper ureteral stone may moving with respiring during eswl.so efficinet shock wave was decreared,re-treatment rate become higher.

目的 评估体外震波碎石治疗输尿管结石的疗效，探讨再治疗率高的原因及输尿管结石的治疗选择。方法回顾2000年1月～2004年12月间eswl治疗输尿管结石的临床资料687例，男455例（66.2%），女232例（33.8%），平均年龄46.6岁（15～83岁）。有双侧输尿管结石6例，单侧多发性输尿管结石12例（4颗1例，3颗2例，2颗9例），共计输尿管结石709颗（含透光结石13颗）。应用上海爱申公司生产的desunit6030型碎石机，c臂x线球管做结石定位。上段输尿管结石（肾盂输尿管交界处至骶髂关节上缘）取仰卧位，下段输尿管结石（骶髂关节上缘下至输尿管口）取俯卧位。为减少eswl引起的肾损伤和疼痛，应用较低的能量，震波发生器电压从9.8～13.2kv，震波频率1.5s。每次治疗设定为1500次震波。治疗后3天摄腹部平片或b超，以后每隔7日重复检查。假如结石未碎或有残留结石最长径＞3mm以上，再次eswl，两次治疗的间隔时间为两周。结石的大小用x线片上的表面积（mm2表示。结果 709颗输尿管结石总的治愈率为97.3%（690颗），再治疗率34.1%（242颗）。其中一次治疗467颗，平均结石大小37.27mm2，治愈464颗（65.4%），3颗改治疗；两次治疗138颗，平均结石大小62.48mm2，治愈131颗（18.5%），7颗改治疗；第1和第2次治疗治愈率（1个月治愈率）为83.8%。3次治疗52颗，平均结石大小79.60mm2，治愈50颗（7.1%），2颗改治疗；4次治疗19颗，平均结石大小101.63mm2，治愈17颗（2.4%），2颗改治疗；5次及5次以上治疗33颗，平均结石大小119.33mm2，治愈28颗（3.9%），5颗改治疗。总计19颗（2.7%）结石改变治疗方式。上段输尿管结石335颗，治愈321颗（95.8%），再治疗129颗（38.5%）。下段输尿管结石374颗，治愈369颗（98.7%），再治疗113颗（30.2%）。经χ2检验，上、下段输尿管结石的再治疗率差异有显著性（χ2=5.40，p＜0.05），治愈率差异无显著性（χ2=0.15，p＞0.05）。不良反应：血压升高13例（1.9%），震波区域疼痛26例（3.8%），震波进入处皮肤点状淤血33例（4.8%），肉眼血尿128例（18.6%），均于第2、3天自行消失。结论 eswl目前仍是输尿管结石的第一线治疗，结石的大小是再治疗率高的主要因素。结石的位置有影响，上段输尿管结石可随呼吸移动，有效震波次数减少，再治疗率比下段输尿管结石高。eswl前注重病例筛选可降低再治疗率。

Objective To study the practical ways of urinary sediments.

目的探讨实用的尿沉渣检查方法。

This curriculum is divided into 6 parts altogether:(1) blood sample preparation and blood corpuscle morphology inspection method;(2) method of examination of general blood item and blood automatic analysis;(3) blood group examination and cross match;(4) method of examination of general urine item and urine automatic analysis;(5) method of examination of feces, sperm, secretion and body cavity fluid;(6) Exfoliative cytologic examination.

本门实验课程共分为6部分：血液标本处理与血细胞形态学检查方法；血液常用项目检验方法与血液自动化分析；血型与交叉配血实验；尿液常用项目检验方法与自动化分析；粪便、精液、分泌物和体腔液检验方法；脱落细胞学检验。

In order to avoid misdiagnosis,with the patients who fail to get a clear diagnosis and with liver dysfunction,manifestation of central nervous system,hematuria or anemia,it is essential to check cornea Kayser-Fleischer ring,copper metabolism and require carefully the family history.

为了避免误诊，对诊断不清的具有肝功能损害，或神经系统症状，或血尿，贫血等症状的患者，检查角膜Kayser-Fleischer 环，铜代谢，细致的询问家族史十分重要。

However they will reduce the body's resistance to infection, and regular blood and urine tests will be required, to check for side effects.

不过，他们会降低人体的抗感染，并定期血液和尿液化验将需要检查的副作用。

To conforms to the diagnosis standard 52 example diabetes to regard the thing dim-sighted (pure retina pathological change) the patient, uses oneself to according to direction, using the blood circulation, the profit was mad separately, nourishes yin, melts wet, passes winds, and according to its actual situation mixture, was mad that cloudy two empty, spleen weakness wet abundant characteristic, selects the Chinese medicine and the prepared medicine separately applies alternately, and treats other related complications just right for the illness, periodic inspection blood sugar, saccharification hemoglobin, 24 hour urine protein determination and so on.

对符合诊断标准的52例糖尿病视物昏花患者，采用自身对照法，分别应用活血、益气、滋阴、化湿、通络之品，并根据其虚实夹杂，气阴两虚、脾虚湿盛之特征，分别选用汤药和成药交替应用，并对症治疗其它相关合并症，定期检查血糖、糖化血红蛋白、24小时尿蛋白测定等。

Objective To confirm the effectiveness of ascidians on diabetes and to probe into its functional mechanism.

目的 证实海鞘治疗糖尿病的有效性以及探讨其作用机制。方法应用链尿菌素腹腔注射制作大鼠糖尿病模型，1 w后检查其空腹血糖，血糖水平超过8.1 mmol/L的大鼠被随机分为3 组：海鞘组，优降糖组，糖尿病对照组。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。