尼古丁

The nicotine stain on one's fingers can be eradicated by a file or some other means, but the nicotine deposit can hardly be removed from one's lungs except by giving up smoking and by other treatment.

手指上的尼古丁可以采取一些办法来去掉，但是在肺部的尼古丁却不是那么地容易去掉，除非采取戒烟或通过其它医疗手段。

In the proton NMR spectra of nicotine, all proton peaks of nicotine moved to downfield, the resonance emanating from nicotine preferentially broadened.

尼古丁与两种蛋白相互作用，改变了尼古丁的化学位移，并使得〓H NMR峰的分辨率降低，峰变宽。尼古丁诱导蛋白质的二级结构改变，血红蛋白α螺旋结构减少，并出现一个新的子峰；白蛋白的α螺旋也减少。

A series of internal documents from the late 1970s and early 1980s shows that BAT at least thought about applying this knowledge to cigarette design. A research report from 1979 puts it thus: There are three major design features which can be used either individuallyorin combination to manipulate delivery levels; filtration, paper permeability, and filter－tip ventilation. A conference paper from 1983 says, The challenge would be to reduce the mainstream nicotine determined by standard smoking－machine measurement while increasing the amount that would actually be absorbed by the smoker. Another conference paper, from 1984, says:（5）We should strive to achieve this effect without appearing to have a cigarette that cheats the league table. Ideally it should appear to be no different from a normal cigarette...

英美公司上世纪70年代末、80年代初的一系列内部文献表明，该公司至少曾考虑过将这一知识用于卷烟设计。1979年的一份研究报告上这样说道：可分别或联合应用与设计有关的三个要素，即过滤、烟卷包装纸的通透性以及过滤嘴的通气效果，来控制焦油和尼古丁的释放水平。1983年一份会议论文也提到，关键在于，要在提高吸烟者尼古丁实际吸收量的同时，减少可被标准检测方法测定到的含量。1984年另一份会议论文说：我们应当努力达到这一效果并能在检测中蒙混过关。

Finally, the Nicotine effects was suppressed by the natural antioxidant compound, epigallocaechin gallate.

最后我们用20mM天然的多酚类EGCG来抑制尼古丁的活性，观察到尼古丁的效应被缓解。

The optimum conditions for extraction was proved practicable by condition filtration and orthogonal design with supersonic wave method .The results showed that the optimum conditions for extraction to ultrasonic method is : methanol (φ=40,20ml),and 15℃ for 30 min ,this paper has determined nicotine contents that is 23.50mg/g at absorption peak (λ=262nm) by HPLC with an eluent consisting of methanol –potass Phosphate alleciate (pH=3) with the recovery and coefficient of variation are 101.52% and 0.91%.

通过超声波提取方法进行条件筛选和正交化实验，确定了烟草中尼古丁的最佳提取条件，结果表明，超声波最佳条件是：甲醇浓度40%，固液比1：20，提取时间30 分钟，超声温度15℃，用高效液相色谱方法在波长262nm 处测定尼古丁的含量，流动相组成为甲醇：磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液=10：90，测得烟草中尼古丁的含量为23.50 mg/g，平均回收率为101.52%，相对偏差为0.91%。

Nornicotine is produced by the N-demethylation of nicotine during the post-harvest treatment of tobacco leaves.Nornicotine in tobacco serves as the precursor in synthesis of the well-characterized carcinogen N'-nitrosonornicotine, one of the tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and consequently damages the health of tobacco smokers and passive smokers.

烟叶的采收后处理和加工过程中，大量的尼古丁经去甲基化作用生成了去甲基尼古丁，后者是烟草特有的亚硝胺类(tobacco-specific nitrosamines， TSNAs)致癌物——亚硝基去甲基尼古丁(nitrosonornicotine， NNN)的前体，与人类健康息息相关。

A series of PVC membrane electrodes with nicotine containing different plasticizeres such as octyl phthalate, nonyl phthalate and di octyl dicaproate, and electric active substances such as association of nicotine-tetraphenyl borane, nicotine-silicotungstic acid, nicotine-phospho-wolframic acid and nicotine-Reineckate ammonium were prepared.

以尼古丁为研究对象，研制了一系列含有不同增塑剂(苯二甲酸二辛酯、苯二甲酸二壬酯和癸二酸二辛酯)和电活性物质(尼古丁四苯硼缔合物、尼古丁硅钨酸缔合物、尼古丁磷钨酸缔合物和尼古丁雷氏盐缔合物)的PVC膜电极。

Many products, such as nicotine gum, nicotine sprays, or nicotine inhalers, may be helpful to people trying to quit smoking.

许多产品，如尼古丁口香糖、尼古丁喷剂，或尼古丁吸入器，可以帮助人们尝试戒烟。

There are several Nicotine products that give you nicotine without the smoke and they include patches, gum and puffers or inhalers.

目前，市场上流行的通过非吸烟方式获取尼古丁的产品主要包括：尼古丁贴剂、尼古丁口香糖和尼古丁吸入制剂（电子香烟中的尼古丁溶液经雾化吸入的方式即是此类产品中使用最广泛的）。

Furthermore, Snail and ZEB1, two major transcription repressors of E-cadherin in colon cancers, were induced by NNK treatment.

接著以尼古丁进行第二部份的实验：尼古丁也是藉由α7尼古丁受器的作用而增进结肠癌细胞的移动能力。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。