尺度系数

Subline matching method based on binary system small wave transform is proposed, which expliots the character that the model maximum point of spline binary small wave transform coefficient at different scales can provide position information of signal's fast changing point. The matching scheme from thick to thin for point matching is adapted. Then, the point to point matching is calculated with the sequence consistent principle in each subline.

设计基于二进小波变换的子线段匹配方法，通过求解样条二进小波变换系数在不同尺度下的模极大点确定不同尺度下信号急速变化点位置，采用由粗到细的匹配策略匹配端点，再对端点之间的每一个子线段采用顺序一致的原则，进行点对点匹配。

By introducing a local correlation coefficients matrix, this algorithm cangive more accurate judgment between noise and useful signal.

改进算法结合了不同尺度以及同尺度不同分量中小波系数的相关性，通过一种构造局部相关性系数矩阵的方法获得对边界点和噪声点更精准的判断。

If average values before or after catastrophe point when the pressure at both ends reduces exceed the threshold value, judging that there is leak and positioning: calculating approximate wavelet transformation coefficient of pressure data at both ends, initializing searching interval, calculating a signal time delay value corresponding to approximate wavelet transformation coefficient in the searching interval from maximal scale N; converting the time delay value under scale N to that under N-1 by geometric proportion relation; updating the searching interval, repeating above processes until the scale is 0 and positioning based on the time delay value.

若两端压力下降突变点前后的均值变化均超过阈值，判定有泄漏并进行定位：计算两端压力数据的近似小波变换系数，初始化搜索区间，从最大尺度N开始在搜索区间内计算对应近似小波变换系数的信号时延值，利用等比关系将尺度N下的时延估计值转换为N-1下时延估计值，以该值更新搜索区间，重复以上过程至尺度为0，以此时延估计值进行定位。

The reference crop evapotranspiration(ET0) in Guanzhong region was calculated with the Penman-Monteith equation. The change characteristics of meteorological factors and ET0 over year were analyzed. The regressing relation between ET0 and geography factors was established. Space distribution of ET0 based digital elevation model was obtained. The water consumption model of main cropes was established using the crop cofficient method. The irrigation water requirement of main crop and it's space distribution based DEM under the different precipitation probability was obtained, which advanced the calculation precision of ET0 from spot scal to regional scal. The concept of water consumption under the irrigational scal was proposed. The water consumption model of different water user and model of groundwater balance based on the water consumption of Baojixia irrigation district was established. Which can refects the relation between water utilization, water consumption and change amount of groundwater resouces.

深入分析了关中地区气象要素的变化趋势，用Penman-Montainth 公式计算了参考作物蒸发蒸腾量（ET0），建立了ET0与地理要素的多元回归关系，获得了基于数字高程模型DEM的关中地区ET0的空间分布图；用作物系数法建立了关中主要作物生育期耗水模型，获得了主要作物在不同降雨条件下的灌溉需水，以及基于DEM的主要作物灌溉需水空间分布图，提高了作物蒸发蒸腾量由点到面尺度转换过程中的估算精度；界定了灌区尺度的耗水量的概念，包括用水耗水和非用水耗水，建立了灌区耗水量计算模型及基于耗水量变化的浅层地下水均衡模型，能较好地反映灌区引水量、耗水量及地下水蓄变量之间的内在关系。

For case study, db4 optimum wavelet base is used to transform GR, SP and AC from a well in Shengtuo oilfield. By this transformation the logging data are expended from one dimensional depth space into two dimensional depth-scale space.

以胜坨油田某井为例，采用db4最佳小波基分别对自然伽马、自然电位和声波等测井曲线进行了多尺度分析，将一维测井数据拓展为二维深度－尺度空间，提取小波变换系数的时频色谱信息和能量信息，从而确定出测井曲线识别准层序界面的最佳尺度。

At leaf scale, TJ photosynthesis model was selected and Gao stomatal conductance model was proved suitable for semi-arid region after comparing with BBL model through the parameter regression and analysis of model sensitivity. Plant physio-ecological characteristics were analyzed based on the parameters gained from the nonlinear regression using TJ model and Gao model with field experimental data. As C4 photosynthesis types Zea mays and Panicum miliaceum 's carboxylation coefficient are bigger than the others.

在叶片尺度上，选择TJ模型作为叶片尺度所使用的光合模型，并对景观模拟中经常用到的Ball-Berry模型和Gao模型进行比较，通过参数拟合和模型的敏感性分析，选择Gao模型作为叶片尺度的气孔导度模型，应用模型模拟的结果，分析了研究区主要植物种的生理生态学特性。C4光合型的玉米和糜子，羧化速率系数大，光合能力强。

The main contributions include:(1) Energy conservation law of Haar wavelets transform is proved to compress data streams.(2) The relation between the coincidence measure and trend of streams is revealed as along with the invariability under parallel shift and the equivalence law over coincidence measure to approximately express data-streams by the wavelet coefficient of the characteristic stream and its energy.(3) Multi-Scales energy decomposition model is proposed to improve the compression precision.(4) The multi-scales compression algorithm and the energy conservation reconstruction algorithm are designed.(5) Extended experiments show that the compression ratio of the new methods is 2~4 times as the traditional method.

主要研究成果包括：(1)证明了Haar小波变换服从能量守恒规律，并用于压缩数据流；(2)揭示了数据流的偶合度与变化趋势的相关性、偶合度的平移不变性及等价规律，采用特征流序列的小波系数和流能量近似表示流的趋势，达到压缩的目的；(3)提出了多尺度能量分解模型，提高了表示精度；(4)设计了多尺度能量分解压缩算法以及多尺度重构算法；(5)在真实数据集上的实验表明，新方法的压缩比是传统小波方法的2～4倍。

The calculation of wavelet and scalar function coefficients at the process of decomposition of triangular mesh, the choice of wavelet coefficient threshold and the calculation of scalar function coefficient at the reconstruction process are introduced in this dissertation. The multiresolution decomposition, compression and reconstruction of triangular mesh with subdivision connectivity are realized.

关于细分连续三角网格的多分辨分解、压缩与重构，本文介绍了细分连续三角网格分解过程中小波系数及尺度函数系数的计算、小波系数的阈值选取和重构过程中尺度函数系数的计算，并给予了实现，获得较好的压缩性能和质量。

The standard of the characteristic scale firstly regarded the characteristic scale as a scale scope,not a concrete scale point or resolution.The method to select the characteristic scale is the corresponding scale on the local peak of wavelet detailed information variance-scale diagram and on the penk of wavelet detailed information entropy-scale diagram,the two particular scales make up of the characteristic scale scope.

特征尺度确定的标准为：以小波细节信息方差极大值的对应尺度+小波细节信息熵极大值的对应尺度为主要判定依据，同时辅以小波近似信息方差变化率出现极大值的对应尺度和小波空间自相关系数方差波动频繁的对应空间距离作为验证。

Secondly, the author has researched the wavelet coefficients distribution property based on the histgram of detail subimages, and proposed an adaptive image quantization algorithm according to local data distribution in every subimage. In this quantization procession, every subimage will be disparted to some sub-blocks, and the sub-blocks will be quantized with different quantizer according the coefficients distribution; when the bias is large, the sub-block will be quantized with high accuracy; when the bias is little, the sub-block will be quantized coarsely.

其次，作者通过对小波高频子带图像系数分布直方图的分析研究，根据高频子带图像中绝大多数系数的幅度很小、幅度大的系数出现的几率很小的特点，提出了一种基于子带图像局部数据分布特征的自适应量化算法：先把高频子带图像分成较小尺度子块，子块系数离散性越大，采用精度越高的量化器：子块系数分布越集中，使用精度较低的量化器。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。