尺度

The scale analysis on planetary scale motion in the tropical atmosphere shows that the equilibrium between the pressure gradient force and Coriolis force in the meridional direction is easily established, which is known as the zonally semi-geostrophic motion The semi-geostrophic adaptation process in which the inertial gravity waves play an important part is relatively quick The evolution process after the semi-geostrophic adaptation process is slow and controlled by the Kelvin waves and long Rossby waves

对热带大气行星尺度运动所做的尺度分析和物理分析表明：热带大气的行星尺度运动在y方向容易实现气压梯度力与Coriolis力的平衡，它称为纬圈的半地转运动。半地转平衡的建立过程，也就是半地转适应过程相对是很短暂的，它不需要考虑f=β0y随y的变化，因而主要依靠惯性重力波为频散；而半地转平衡建立后的演变过程相对是很缓慢的，它主要受Kelvin波和Rossby波控制。

For case study, db4 optimum wavelet base is used to transform GR, SP and AC from a well in Shengtuo oilfield. By this transformation the logging data are expended from one dimensional depth space into two dimensional depth-scale space.

以胜坨油田某井为例，采用db4最佳小波基分别对自然伽马、自然电位和声波等测井曲线进行了多尺度分析，将一维测井数据拓展为二维深度－尺度空间，提取小波变换系数的时频色谱信息和能量信息，从而确定出测井曲线识别准层序界面的最佳尺度。

Then, the fronts .of different intensities are superposed on the orographic disturbances and pushed by basic geostrophic flow to climb over the orography.

通过非静力模式讨论了两维地形扰动与锋面的相互作用，研究了不同基本气流，包括正压、斜压、层结强弱差异，不同尺度的地形，包括不同高度和不同宽度，强弱不同的锋面等多种情况下地形扰动与锋面扰动的相互影响，发现地形尺度和气流的性质不同带来的结果是有差异的，中尺度地形使冷锋在迎风坡锋消，在背风坡则是锋生和锋消相间的波状分布，表现为锋面在山顶附近锋生、快速下坡过程中锋消和山脚处锋生的分布特征，这与半地转模式中地形的动力作用使冷锋在背风侧单纯加强是不同的。

At leaf scale, TJ photosynthesis model was selected and Gao stomatal conductance model was proved suitable for semi-arid region after comparing with BBL model through the parameter regression and analysis of model sensitivity. Plant physio-ecological characteristics were analyzed based on the parameters gained from the nonlinear regression using TJ model and Gao model with field experimental data. As C4 photosynthesis types Zea mays and Panicum miliaceum 's carboxylation coefficient are bigger than the others.

在叶片尺度上，选择TJ模型作为叶片尺度所使用的光合模型，并对景观模拟中经常用到的Ball-Berry模型和Gao模型进行比较，通过参数拟合和模型的敏感性分析，选择Gao模型作为叶片尺度的气孔导度模型，应用模型模拟的结果，分析了研究区主要植物种的生理生态学特性。C4光合型的玉米和糜子，羧化速率系数大，光合能力强。

The main contributions include:(1) Energy conservation law of Haar wavelets transform is proved to compress data streams.(2) The relation between the coincidence measure and trend of streams is revealed as along with the invariability under parallel shift and the equivalence law over coincidence measure to approximately express data-streams by the wavelet coefficient of the characteristic stream and its energy.(3) Multi-Scales energy decomposition model is proposed to improve the compression precision.(4) The multi-scales compression algorithm and the energy conservation reconstruction algorithm are designed.(5) Extended experiments show that the compression ratio of the new methods is 2~4 times as the traditional method.

主要研究成果包括：(1)证明了Haar小波变换服从能量守恒规律，并用于压缩数据流；(2)揭示了数据流的偶合度与变化趋势的相关性、偶合度的平移不变性及等价规律，采用特征流序列的小波系数和流能量近似表示流的趋势，达到压缩的目的；(3)提出了多尺度能量分解模型，提高了表示精度；(4)设计了多尺度能量分解压缩算法以及多尺度重构算法；(5)在真实数据集上的实验表明，新方法的压缩比是传统小波方法的2～4倍。

The first type is the scanner signature files that provides a Kodak, Agfa or Fuji company's standard quadrochromatic and the quadrochromatic standard data, use of scanner input these quadrochromatic, scan data and the difference between the standard quadrochromatic data reflects the scanner's properties; the second is the display characteristics of the file, which provides software that you can detect your display's color temperature, and then generate a color swatch on the screen, these swatches of information reflects the characteristics of the display; and the third being the print device signature files, it also provides a suite of software, the software in a computer-generated that contains hundreds of color swatch in the graphic, and then the graphic output on the output device, if it is a printer, printing press with respect to direct proof in respect of the first film, proofing and printing, the image on the output measure that is a reflection of the print device's characteristics file information.

第一类是扫描仪特征文件，它供应了柯达、爱克发、富士公司的尺度草稿及这些草稿的尺度数据，诳骗扫描仪不输不入这些草稿，扫描数据与尺度草稿数据的差值反响了扫描仪的共性；第二类是表现器的特征文件，它供应了一些软件，可测不入表现器的色温，然后在屏幕上天生一色块，这些色块新闻反响不入了表现器的特征；第不一类为打印摆设的特征文件，它也供应了一套软件，该软件在计算机洋天生一个含有数百个色块的图形，然后不兵图形在输不入摆设上输不入，如果是打印机不离间接打样，印刷机不离不后不入胶片、打样再印刷，差这些输不入的图像举行丈度即反响不入打印摆设的特征文件新闻。

In order to overcome the problem that the determination of non-scale interval definite and fractal dimension's computation were affected by human factors, the new method of scale transformation was presented according to the principles of notable regression effect, the smallest residual sum of squares and weak autocorrelation of residual error, which providing reference for the determination of study scale.

本文针对分形理论在描述监测站网分布时易受人为因素影响问题，提出了以回归效果显著，残差平方和最小和残差自相关性小为原则的确定尺度转折点的方法和基于GIS技术的点状数据确定尺度转折点的基本步骤，以期为研究尺度的科学确定提供参考。

With case study in Wufendi Watershed of Hufuchuan Basin, landscape dynamics simulation analysis was studied at different scales including leaf scale, ecosystem scale and landscape scale through field experiments with model simulation.

本研究以皇甫川流域的五分地沟小流域为例，野外实验和模型模拟相结合，从植物的叶片尺度到生态系统尺度，再到景观尺度，进行了小流域的景观系统动态模拟分析的研究。

Direct calculation is also presented in scantling determination, which required in larger or more complex vessels, to confirm the adequacy of the formula based scantlings, and to give reduced scantlings, especially when optimization routines are incorporated.

对于大型和复杂的船体结构也可采用直接计算法来决定构件的尺度，以保证尺度计算公式的准确性，特别是当采用优化程序时，还可得到更小的尺度结果。

The three dimension reticular cell counting method is adopted to calculate the fractal dimension characterizing skew degree of gray level surface. With the two-dimension reticular cell counting method, the fractal dimension characterizing wrinkle shadow block distribution is obtained. By means of distribution function, the fractal dimension for the size distribution of wrinkle shadow block can be achieved.

提出以尺度变化的立体网格计算灰度曲面的分维数，表示灰度曲面的起伏程度；以尺度变化的平面网格计算织物折皱阴影块分布的分维数，表示阴影块的离散程度；以当量直径为尺度，计算分布函数的分维数，表示织物折皱阴影块尺寸的分布。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。