尖节

The optimal entrance point mostly locate at the root of accessoryprocess which adjacent to the mamillary process from L1 to L4, Theadjustable range of entrance points of the 4 segments almost cover theaccessory process, But at L5, The optimal entrance point is much moreoutside away from the accessory process, just at the middle of thetransverse process and the adjustable range of entrance points islimited.

这与钉尾间距的明显变化相一致，手术时应注意调整螺钉钉尖内偏角度观察椎弓根螺钉进钉点发现内外侧螺钉进钉点与内上、外上螺钉进钉点构成接近矩形的梯形区域，最佳进钉点居于内外进钉点中部。L1到L4最佳进钉点位于副突根部靠近乳突处，随着椎体节段下降，进钉点逐渐移向外侧，L1最佳进钉点基本在副突根部骨嵴内侧缘，L2、L3最佳进钉点基本在副突根部骨嵴上，L4最佳进钉点基本在副突根部骨嵴外侧缘。L1到L4可选进钉点范围几乎均包含副突骨嵴。L5最佳进钉点则明显偏外，多数位于副突根部与横突外端连线的中内1／3。

Horner's syndrome in apical cancer cervical ganglion oppression or violation occurs when the eye ipsilateral depression, ptosis, miosis, narrow eye fissure, ipsilateral half of the chest skin temperature, so no sweat.

Horner's综合征肺尖癌压迫或侵犯颈交感神经节时，出现患侧眼球凹陷，上睑下垂、瞳孔缩小、眼裂狭窄、患侧上半胸部皮肤温度升高、无汗等。

Horner's syndrome, apical cancer cervical sympathetic ganglion of oppression or violation occurs when the eye ipsilateral depression, ptosis, miosis, eye fissure narrow, ipsilateral upper chest skin temperature, sweat-free and so on.

Horner's综合征肺尖癌压迫或侵犯颈交感神经节时，出现患侧眼球凹陷，上睑下垂、瞳孔缩小、眼裂狭窄、患侧上半胸部皮肤温度升高、无汗等。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。