小麦赤霉病

The preliminary bioassary showed that at the concentration of 100μg/mL, the inhibitory rate of compounds Ⅴc to Fusarium graminearum was 81.3%;Ⅳe to Fusarium oxysporium was 83.4%;Ⅴe and Ⅴf to Cercospora sorghi were 79.7% and 72.4% respectively;Ⅳd to Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium oxysporium were 68.9% and 65.7% respectively.

初步生物测试结果表明：在质量浓度为100μgmL下，化合物Ⅴc对小麦赤霉病菌的抑制率达到了81.3%；化合物Ⅳe对马铃薯干腐病菌的抑制率达到了83.4%；化合物Ⅴe，Ⅴf对玉米弯孢病菌的抑制率也分别达到了79.7%和72.4%；化合物Ⅳd对小麦赤霉病菌和马铃薯干腐病菌的抑制率分别达到了68.9%和65.7%。

Both the bacterial culture and aseptic filtrate showed activities to inhibit some pathogenic fungi including "Alternaria alternata", and "Fusarium graminearum" on activity plates assay. Antagonistic crude protein extract was obtained by 70% ammonium sulphate precipitation, and it was thermostable, unsensible to proteinase K and pepsin, and capable to induce the hypha lysis and cytoplasm condensation of "F. graminearum".

经平皿测试表明，多粘芽孢杆菌P-FS08菌株及其无滤液对烟草赤星病菌、小麦赤霉病菌等多种植物病原真菌均有抑制作用。P-FS08培养液通过70%硫酸铵沉淀得到具有拮抗活性的蛋白粗提液，其具有良好的热稳定性；对蛋白酶K和胃蛋白酶均不敏感；够使小麦赤霉病菌菌丝断裂，原生质浓缩。

This paper reviewed the background to control wheat head blight, screening and control assessment of bio-control strains.

本文从小麦赤霉病的生物防治背景、小麦抗赤霉病生物防治菌株的分离筛选与防效评价、生物防治机制和存在的问题及发展前景等方面进行了综述。

Filed experiments of 2001 showed that treatments with fungicide either 2 days before or 2 days post inoculation, tebuconazole reduced the disease index of the spikes by 80.32% and 70.64, as well as increased grain yield by 12.95% and 8.74% in comparison to the untreated control. Application of metconazole led to decreases of the disease index by 80.5% and 68.0% and increases of grain yield by 11.41% and 11.45% compared with the untreated plants. In 2002, with the serious occurrence of the head blight, tebuconazole reduced the disease index of the spikes by 76.47% and 78.67% and metconazole reduced the disease index by 82.06% and 81.89% in comparison to the untreated control.

田间药效测定结果表明：与对照相比，接种前2d喷药与接种后2d喷药，2001年，戊唑醇可使小麦赤霉病病情指数分别减少80.32%和70.64%，产量增加12.95%与8.74%；羟菌唑可使小麦赤霉病病情指数减少80.5%和68.0%，产量增加11.41%和11.45%；2002年，在小麦赤霉病严重发生的情况下，戊唑醇能使小麦赤霉病病情指数减少76.47%和78.67%，羟菌唑能使小麦赤霉病病情指数减少82.06%和81.89%，产量增加极显著。

The highest relative defense effect on different diseases were analyzed: 88.61 percent (NO.5 at 50ppm) against powdery mildew, 77.63%(NO.5 at SOppm) against head blight. Although the RDE against stripe rust is lower than the formers, NO.5 at SOppm can induce obvious HR on wheat leaves.

对小麦白粉病的防治效果最高可达86.61％(5号100ppm)；对小麦赤霉病的防治效果最高也有77.63％(10号100ppm)；并发现50ppm的5号提取物处理后能使感染条锈菌的小麦产生明显的过敏性坏死反应。

By statistically analyzing meteorological factors affecting wheat scab outbreak, the pathogenic-day of scab was determined. The daily inducing correction index of scab in outbreak time and the duration inducing correction index of scab pathogenic-day were calculated.

方法对小麦赤霉病发生具有影响的气象因子进行统计分析，确定赤霉病致病日，计算赤霉病感病期间逐日诱发修正系数、赤霉病致病日的持续时间诱发修正系数，建立促病指数模型，判别小麦赤霉病气象条件适宜程度及发生的等级。

The study was to provide a base for the accurate forecast of epidemic degree and scientific and reasonable prevention of wheat scab.

准确开展小麦赤霉病流行程度预报，科学合理地防治小麦赤霉病。

The results showed that the temperature had the tendency of increasing in these regions; the rainfall, raining days and relative humidity had no significant changes; the index of K was over 0 in most areas, that is, the possibility of wheat scab occurrence will be increased year by year.

结果表明，冀京津区域气温有增加趋势，有利于小麦赤霉病的发生流行；冀京津区域降雨量、降雨日数、相对湿度等气象因子未表现出明显的变化；大部分地区K指数大于0，即春季小麦赤霉病发生流行的可能性逐年加大。

The antagonistic bacteria P72 had strong antagonistic ability to wheat scab pathogen and stable antibacterial activity as well as thermal stability, so it would possess a wide development prospect.

结论］小麦赤霉病拮抗菌P72对小麦赤霉病菌的拮抗能力较强，抗菌活性较稳定，且热稳定性较好，有广阔的开发前景。

As a result of the joint test experiment conducted by the Wheat Scab Disease Research Cooperation Team in China of 1981, 13 wheat strains bred in our college were considered to be the most prospective among 30,000 wheat germplasm collections.

本文概述了60085等13个小麦抗赤霉病新品系的选育经过、鉴定结果及其利用价值。这些新品系于1981年经全国小麦赤霉病研究协作组联合鉴定，在3万多份品种资源材料中抗病性表现突出。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。