小麦

Wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is one of the most important diseases affected the wheat production world widely.

由小麦叶锈菌引起的小麦叶锈病是影响世界小麦稳产高产的重要病害之一，也是影响我国小麦生产的重要因素。

Among them, strains of Bacillaceae occupied the predominance with 59.1% in various wheat organs. Oxytetracycline resistant strains of Bacillus licheniformis were isolated from wheat rhizosphere, root and stem indicating their high abilities of spreading. Opportunistic human pathogenic bacterial strains with oxytetracycline resistance such as Bacillus cereus and Stenotrophomonas sp. were also isolated from various wheat organs. No oxytetracycline resistant bacterium could be detected from wheat seeds.

土霉素抗性的Bacillus licheniformis在小麦根际土壤、根、茎等器官中都分离得到表明该抗性菌种在小麦内生系统中具有较高的传播性；具有土霉素抗性的人类机会致病菌Bacillus cereus和Stenotrophomonas属的细菌在小麦的根际土壤、根以及叶子中也均分离到，但是在小麦种子中没有分离到任何土霉素抗性的内生菌。

Our research indicated that from flowering to harvest stage of wheat,the photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll contents,soluble protein contents and conversive efficiency of light energy in L14 wheat leaves apparently declined more quickly than that in wheat variety 935031,but the beginning time when respectively relevant parameter declined was different.

结果表明：自开花至成熟期，鲁麦L14小麦叶片光合速率、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量及光能转化效率的下降速度均明显快于小麦品种935031，但是各相关参数降低的起始时间不同，自开花后30 d鲁麦L14的叶片已经开始干枯，而935031小麦品种到成熟时大部分叶片还保持绿色，说明小麦叶片早衰与光合能力的下降有密切关系。

Orientale additional and substitutional lines. chromosome number of 96 BC2 F3 individuals were accounted. Fifteen plants with 2n= 43 and eight plants with 2n= 44 were checked out. GISH results of the individuals with 43 chromosomes showed that they blonged to three different monosomic additions. Two disomic additions, ine double-monosomic addition, one trible- monosomic addition and one monosomic addition were found in the 2n = 44 individuals. One double-monosomic substitution and one monosomic sustitution were obtained.

为了筛选小麦-旱麦草异附加系、异代换系，对普通小麦品种Fukuho×东方旱麦草属间杂种的BC2F3代材料的96粒种子进行了染色体数目的检测，共检出15粒2n=43的种子，8粒2n=44的种子，进一步对以上材料进行的基因组DNA原位杂交，共鉴定出3个单体附加系，2个二体附加系，1个双单体附加，1个小麦三体单体附加，1个附加3条东方旱麦草染色体的小麦单体，在染色体数为42的个体中，检测出1个单体代换，1个双单体代换。

Pm6 transferred from Triricum timopheevii L. to common wheat, is an effective resistance gene to powdery mildew disease caused by Erysiphe graminis f.

从提莫菲维小麦转移到普通小麦中的小麦白粉病抗性基因Pm6是小麦白粉病Erysiphe graminis fsp。

By means of bioassay in laboratory, choosing 15 main wheat varieties as acceptors in Guanzhong region, Shaanxi province, this paper studied the allelopathic effects of Galium tricorne on wheat.

以关中地区15种主要的栽培小麦品种为受体，采用室内生物测定法，通过分析恶性杂草猪殃殃对不同小麦品种发芽和幼苗生长的影响，探讨猪殃殃对不同小麦品种化感作用的差异，从而筛选出具有较强抗草潜力的小麦品种。

Besides,two fertile hybrids were obtained from symmetric somatic hybridization between bread wheat and tall wheatgrass,both of which were phenotypically similar to the tall wheatgrass parent.

本实验室成功的进行了小麦与多种禾草的体细胞杂交，并在小麦与长穗偃麦草的对称与不对称体细胞杂交中分别获得了长穗偃麦草/小麦渐渗系和小麦/长穗偃麦草渐渗系。

1D-SDS-PAGE eletrophoresis and molecular markers were employed to survey the Waxy proteins and Waxy genes in 312 winter wheat cultivars and lines from Chinese winter wheat and U.S.A. and Austrilia, 60 lines selected from the cross of Baihuomai and Norin 67 which was detected preliminarily to be waxy wheat with Iodine-dyeing-seed-section , 120 F2 plants from cross of Lu935031(Jimai19) and Yumai 47 . Amylose content and RVA properties were also recorded. The major results were presented below:1 The components of waxy protein subunits could be detected precisely by 1D-SDS-PAG Eelectro- phoresis.

以国内外冬播小麦品种312份、从白火麦×Norin 67中选育出经碘染籽粒剖面初步鉴定为糯性小麦的品系60份以及鲁935031×豫麦47的F2代120个单株为材料，利用1D-SDS-PAGE电泳技术研究了Waxy蛋白亚基组成，并利用分子标记检测了相应Waxy基因；检测了部分材料的直链淀粉含量和RVA特性等，分析了国内主要麦区小麦淀粉特性；结合生化标记、分子标记和淀粉特性三者各自的优势，探讨了快速、准确、简便筛选具有优良淀粉品质的小麦资源和品种的途径。

This conclusion is based on three groups of experiments with detached root tips of wheat seedlings: By following the time course changes of NO synthase , superoxide synthase and ABA accumulation under dehydration stress, we found that ABA accumulation was preceeded by the changes of NOS and superoxide synthase. ABA accumulation induced by dehydtrion stress and osmotic stress can be blocked by NO scanvegers and NOS inhibitors, while only dehydration stress-induced ABA accumulation can be blocked by ROS scanvegers. Exogenous applied NO or ROS induced ABA accumulation in root tips of wheat seedlings, and synergistic effects were found between NO and NO. The in planta expereiments also proved that ROS and NO are involved in water stress-induced ABA accumulation.Ⅱ.

证据主要来自以离体根尖为材料的实验：(1)通过检测干旱胁迫下小麦根尖NOS活性、O〓合成酶活性和ABA积累的时间变化进程，发现ABA积累滞后于ROS和NO的变化；(2)抑制剂实验表明，NO清除剂和NOS抑制剂可以抑制自然干旱胁迫及渗透胁迫诱导的小麦根尖ABA积累，ROS清除剂抑制自然干旱胁迫诱导的ABA积累而不抑制渗透胁迫诱导的小麦根尖ABA积累；(3)在非胁迫条件下施加外源的ROS或NO可以诱导小麦根尖积累ABA，ROS和NO之间具有协同作用。

The results showed that, using transient GUS expression, the frequency of resistant calli and shoot differentiation as a criteria, wheat mature embryos were cultured on the preculture medium of CM4C1P for 14 days, and immersed in inoculation suspension Ⅰ for 3 hours, then the explants were co-cultured under desiccation conditions for 3 days, which was optimal conditions for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of wheat mature embryos.

为了进一步完善根癌农杆菌介导的小麦遗传转化体系，以小麦成熟胚为转化受体，研究了根癌农杆菌介导法转化小麦的主要影响因素，结果表明，以gus基因瞬时表达率、抗性愈伤组织获得率和分化率为转化指标，小麦成熟胚在预培养基CM4C1P上预培养14d后，用侵染培养液Ⅰ侵染3h，再经干燥共培养方式处理3d，是根癌农杆菌介导成熟胚转化的合适条件。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。