小麦

The average heterosis of the grain yield per plant is 75. 79%, 57. 67% and 12. 55% in the hybrids of the common wheat with spelt wheat, club wheat and itself respectively. the heterosis degree of the interspecific hybrid was greater than that of intervarietal hybrid.

普通小麦与斯卑尔脱小麦的种间杂种每株产量的平均杂种优势为75.79%，普通小麦与密穗小麦的种间杂种每株产量的平均杂种优势为57.67%，普通小麦品种间杂种每株产量的平均杂种优势为12.55%，种间杂种优势大于品种间杂种优势。

The heterosis of spike number per plant and grain number of main spike were stable in the intervarietal crosses between years, and so were the grain number of main spike in the crosses of common wheat with club wheat, and were the 1000-grain weight in the crosses of common wheat with spelt wheat.

普通小麦品种间杂种每株穗数优势和主穗粒数优势年度间表现稳定；普通小麦与密穗小麦的种间杂种主穗粒数优势以及普通小麦与斯卑尔脱小麦的种间杂种千粒重优势两年均表现出明显的杂种优势，且幅度相近，其他性状年度间差异较大。

CIMMYT synthetic hexaploid wheats were employed to cross with rye for evaluating the crossability of SHWs and screening SHWs with high crossability for distant cross. Great variation of the seed set percentage was observed among 102 SHWs ranged from 0% to 72.49%. Of 102 SHWs, 11 ones possessed the crossability higher than 50%, and one (YAR/Aegilops tauschii 518) had a similar crossability as Chinese Spring.

利用102份从CIMMYT引进的人工合成六倍体小麦与黑麦杂交，分析了人工合成六倍体小麦的可杂交性，结果表明：人工合成小麦的可杂交能力变异很大，从0%~72.49%；其中有11份人工合成小麦的可杂交率超过50%以上，1份人工合成小麦YAR/Aegilops tauschii 518的杂交结实率达到72.49%，与中国春相似。

There are variety of B vitamins in wheat grain, such as thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine. The objective of this study was to understand the content of B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine) in colored grain wheat, and their Patterns of variation, and provide a theoretical basis for optimization of B vitamins content in wheat breeding.

小麦籽粒含有多种B族维生素，本研究通过测定24个不同粒色的小麦品种中维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6及籽粒色素含量，并研究不同颜色的小麦籽粒中B族维生素含量与小麦籽粒颜色的关系及其变异规律，为B族维生素的利用及小麦品质育种提供依据。

Through the analysis on the history data, we find out the rule that precipitation how to effect on wheat yield in summer, and how to estimate the wheat yield trend of next year. It is important to direct the wheat production, and to promote the wheat yield.

通过对历史资料的分析，找出夏季降水对小麦产量影响的一般规律，进一步找出利用夏季降水的丰缺程度对翌年小麦产量趋势作出预测的方法，对于指导小麦生产趋利避害，巧用气候资源，合理组装小麦生产的配套技术，以及最大限度的利用自然降水资源，促进小麦单产大幅度提高，具有十分重要的意义。

There was big difference among the 22 different materials in the disease resistance. Translocation lines Pm97033 showed the highest resistance in reaction than others. The percentage of diseased root and severed level were 11.3% and 5.4%; substitution lines Wan7107 showed medium resistance to the fungus, the percentage of diseased root and severity level were 21.4% and 10.6%; F5 generation of common wheat with Till showed higher resistance to take-all fungus than the PS progenies of common wheat with Aegilops tauschii or the other common wheat varieties.

菌饼＋菌粒法对宁春4号的致病力明显高于菌饼法和菌粒法，其病根率、严重度和病茎率分别达到100.0%，57.3%和28.6%。22个遗传背景不同的小麦材料间抗病性差异较大，其中小麦－簇毛麦易位系Pm97033的抗病性最强，病根率和严重度分别为11.3%和5.4%；代换系Wan7107次之，病根率和严重度分别为21.4%和10.6%；硬粒小麦－簇毛麦双二倍体(TH1)与普通小麦品种杂交后代的抗病性强于粗山羊草与普通小麦品种杂交后代。

In Huang-Huai-Hai region, the focus was to strengthen the cultivation and management to reduce yield gap between test and field production, because there were a high scientific and technological level but shortage of water, etc. In middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region, the focus was to strengthen the ability of drainage and avoided water-logging etc. In north-eastern region, the focus was to avoid drought and high-temperature damage, sometimes spike-sprouting caused by rain pre-harvest.

黄淮海优势区灌溉水短缺，干旱、干热风等自然灾害频发，但小麦科技实力较强，育种和栽培研究水平相对较高，要加强栽培管理缩小试验地产量与大田产量的差距；长江中下游小麦优势区排涝和降渍能力比较弱，渍害、穗发芽时有发生；东北小麦优势区干旱和高温频发、收获前常遇阴雨导致穗发芽；西北小麦优势区土壤瘠薄、干旱少雨；西南小麦优势区日照不足、雨多雾大晴天少，易旱易涝等。

The results showed that: 1 under the hydroponic culture established in this research, the experimental wheat plants grew well andperformed the typical architecture responses when exposed in Pi deprivation. Hemi-qantitative RT-PCR revealed that the transcriptional level of known P response gene changed dramatically; 2 In general the length of wheat root axis and the root/ shoot ratio arose when the Pi supply was deprived, however, the change models differed among different wheat genotypes. The investigation on their molecular basis would offer the useful clue for seeking high phosphorus efficiency protoplasma and gene resources of wheat.

结果表明：1在研究建立的小麦水培体系中，小麦植株生长正常并对磷饥饿胁迫条件做出发育形态建成水平的反应；半定量RT-PCR分析显示在此体系中小麦磷响应基因也在转录水平上产生显著变化；2在水培条件下不同基因型小麦对磷饥饿胁迫的反应总体上表现在根轴长度和根冠比有所提高，但不同基因型小麦的反应特点有差异；对这些反应特征的分子机理的深入分析可为有效筛选磷高效小麦新种质以及发掘磷高效基因资源提供线索。

Compearing with the control variety which is widely culti-vated in a special ecotope,the varieties which canopy temperature are lower all the way dur-ing grain formation and filling than the control variety are named cold typical wheat,and the varieties which canopy temperature are higher all the way than the control varietyare named warm typical wheat.

我们以生产上通用的、起骨干作用的品种作为对照，把籽粒形成和灌浆期与对照品种相比，群体温度持续偏低或基本相当的小麦称之为冷型小麦，群体温度持续偏高的小麦称之为暖型小麦，群体温度偏高或偏低不够稳定的小麦称之为中间型小麦。

In grain-filling stage, the qP values of evolutionary wheats decreased under water stress, while Shan253 and Changwu134 hadn't decreased, indicated that the effect of water stress on the re-oxidation in Q-A of modern wheat was slight, while before this stage, the electron transport from PSⅡto QA restrained by water stress was main factor of photosynthesis non-stomata limitation to modern wheat; The qNP values of hexaploid were higher than diploid and tetraploid wheat, indicated that the ability of using light energy

随小麦由二倍体向四倍体、六倍体及现代小麦进化，表观电子传递速率有增大趋势，其受水分胁迫影响的程度在花前期有加剧趋势，花前期栽培一粒、栽培二粒、普通小麦、陕253和长武134这五种小麦在水分胁迫下表观量子产额的降幅分别为5%、7.47%、14.29%、33.3%和53.49%，光饱和Pn的降幅分别为8.8%、26.14%、23.25%、44.22%和51.29%，光饱和点整体上也是下降的，且这三个指标的降幅随进化程度提高有增大趋势，表明小麦在进化过程中能量转换系统受水分胁迫影响的程度加剧；而在水分胁迫下，小麦的羧化效率和RuBP再生速率也均下降，下降的程

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。