小骨片

Methods We studied 546 intellectuals(female:n=267,male:n=279)aged 45 years and older who had measurements of mineral density using SPA in distal radius and underwent calcaneum radiography classified by Jhamaria's method.

随机抽取546名(女267名，男279名)45岁以上中老年知识分子做非优势侧桡骨单光子骨密度测定与跟骨X射线摄片，分析桡骨骨密度及跟骨小梁Jhamaria分级的相关性；比较两种方法的诊断一致性。

On the fracture section, three strain gauges were put above the pins of groups fixed with external fixator. The gauges were recorded when the femurs were loaded vertically. Results (1) The compressive trabeculae and femoral calcar in the femoral neck region are the main load-bearing construction. The contract of the abductor muscle can protect the hip joint. When the model femur was abducted in small degree (10-30°), the stress improved gradually with the abductor angle. But adduction of the model will gradually decrease the stress in that area. When external violence was put on it, the main stress distribution was on the upper femur, which was in the middle and lower part of the femoral neck and between greater trochanter and lesser trochanter.

同时在④⑤两组又应用电阻应变片贴于断端间的三枚斯氏针上方以测定钢针上的应力与应变结果(1)股骨颈处的压力骨小梁和股骨距是重要的承载结构；载荷的传导主要通过压力骨小梁和股骨距由股骨颈区传至股骨干的中下1/3处；外展肌力的收缩对髋关节有一定的保护作用；在小角度外展实验中（10-30°）股骨颈区的应力递增，超过30°时股骨颈区的应力又逐渐减小，但在内收实验中随角度增大股骨颈处应力呈递减趋势；当外界暴力作用时，应力主要集中在股骨上段，即股骨颈中下段和大小转子处及其之间。

Typically, capitellar fractures are divided into 3groups3,21: type 1, the Hahn-Steinthal fracture, is characterized by a single, large capitellar fragment; type 2, the Kocher-Lorenz or Mouchet fracture, involves the articular cartilage and a thin layer of subchondral bone; type 3 was originally described by Broberg and Morrey and characterizes a comminuted or compression fracture of the capitellum.

肱骨小头骨折可典型地分为3种：1，Hahn-Steinthal骨折，特点为单个、大块小头骨折片；2，Kocher-Lorenz 或 Mouchet骨折，涉及到软骨和软骨下骨骨折；3，此类骨折最初为Broberg和Morrey所描述，特点为肱骨小头粉碎性或压缩性骨折。

Laboratory proof was provided for the structural and functional changes of Hallux Valgus before and after the operation.

方法1。在临床上选取行小切口第一跖骨远端截骨手术的拇外翻患者56例111足，在术前及术后3个月拍摄足负重正位X线片；选取正常人9例18足作为对照组。

Result: Different projection positions of X-ray can evaluate different thoracic small joints. Image diagnosis were space changes, the deflection of the spinous process of vertebral and hyperostosis osteosclerosis. soft tissue lesions near thoracic spinal facet almost was not evaluated. CT plain scan can evaluate every changes of thoracic spinal facet. Image diagnosis were articular process hypertrophy, osteophyte formation, articular surface hyperostosis osteosclerosis, space changes, joint capsule and ligament calcification.

结果：X线平片不同投照体位可以评价不同胸椎小关节，表现为间隙改变、椎棘突偏斜及增生硬化，对胸椎小关节软组织病变基本无法评价；CT平扫对各胸椎小关节改变均可评价，表现为关节突肥大，骨赘样增生，关节面硬化，关节间隙改变，关节囊及韧带钙化。

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of trabecular bone closely or not closely connected by bone cement section surrounding to calculate the rate of combination; condition of surfaces of marrow cavity and bone cement in the column by amplifier.

主要观察指标：观察CT片，测出骨水泥截面周围与骨小梁结合紧密者与非结合者的个数，计算结合率。用放大器材观察骨髓腔内表面及骨水泥内柱表面情况。

After the EPS was implanted in each condyles of femur, sheep were given 3 months' breeding. Microtome sections were made, stained with gufen and ponceau, and then histological observation was made by microscope.

结果 片经骨粉染色和丽春红三色染色，见新生骨小梁长入膨胀后的螺钉缝隙中，并与EPS周围的骨小梁相延续、延伸至膨胀中心。

Result:all the cases were diagnosed as early anfh by x-ray film in 35 sites,stage i showed osteoporosis and osteosclerosis in 15 sites,stage ii showed osteosclerosis and cystic hyalomere in 20 sites.56 cases of early anfh were discovered by ct in 43 sites.stage i stelliform sign distortion and osteoporosis and osteosclerosis in 17 sites,stage ii showed meniscus sign was 26 sites.

结果：全部患者x线平片诊断早期anfh共35个部位，其中ⅰ期占15个，x线表现为骨质疏松及骨硬化；ii期20个，表现为骨硬化和囊状低密度区。ct发现早期anfh共43个部位，其中i期占17个，表现为组成骨小梁星芒结构消失，骨质疏松变和骨硬化；ii期26个，表现为囊状低密度区及骨硬化。

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①At week 9, recovery of bone mass was recorded. Height of alveolar bone, density of bone trabecula and osseointegration were observed by X-ray film.

主要观察指标：①种植术后第9周时观察各组骨量的恢复情况、X射线片观察牙槽骨高度、骨小梁致密度及骨整合情况。

RESULTS: After six weeks of implantation, x-ray film showed high-density signal, osteoid tissue formed under histological examination. Large amount of new bone were formed and connected to trabecularism 8 weeks after implantation in the experimental group.

结果 实验组6 周时大体标本浅红色， X 线片有较高密度阻射影像，组织学检查可见有新骨形成； 8 周时大体标本呈红色，质硬， X 线阻射影像密度更高，镜下可见大量新骨形成并相互连接成骨小梁样结构，骨细胞位于陷窝中。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。