小颅

The selective use of trephination and drainage treatment for acute epidural hematoma pocesses many advantages, such as micro-invasion, easy operation,little expense, perfect efficacy,ready acceptance from patients and so on.

结果 2例术后第一天血肿增大，行开颅血肿清除术后治愈，5例血肿大部分清除，21例血肿完全清除。结论采用钻孔尿激酶冲洗引流选择性治疗急性硬膜外血肿具有创伤小、操作简便、经济、疗效佳、患者易于接受等优点。

Several factors increase the risk of a first hemorrhage: a small malformation, exclusively deep venous drainage (both of which are easily detected by brain imaging and cerebral angiography), and high intranidal pressure, which is reflected by high pressures in the feeding arteries or restriction of venous outflow.

增加的首次出血风险的几个因素：小的血管畸形，完全是深静脉引流（这两者都很轻易通过脑成像与脑血管造影检测）；高颅压，是由于供血动脉压力增高或静脉引流不足造成。

PARTICIPANTS: Eight consecutive patients with congenital micrognathia who developed OSAS were hospitalized from October 2001 to July 2004 at the Center of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital of Peking Union Medical College and Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of Royal Children's Hospital of Melbourne, Australia. This group included 5 male and 3 female patients aged 4 months to 17 years.

对象：2001-10/2004-07在中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学整形外科医院和澳大利亚墨尔本皇家儿童医院颅面外科就治的小下颌畸形伴OSAS患者8例，男5例，女3例，年龄4个月～17岁。

Methods Ten patients with microtia received two-stage operation for reconstructing three-dimensional autologous costal cartilage framework and auricular angle respectively.

方法对10例小耳畸形患者采用自体肋软骨分二期行全耳廓再造共11个，手术一期为耳解剖结构三维轮廓再造；二期为颅耳角再造。

Among them,5 were＜2 years old,6 with craniofacial deformity:small mandible andmandibular retrusion(5 cases),transverse facial cleft(1 case),Down's syndrome(2 cases),cerebral palsy(2 cases),chronic bronchitis(3 cases)and mucopolysaccharidoses(1 case).Nineteen patients with symptoms of snoring, mouth breathing,were diagnosised as OSAHS by polysemnographyand treated by tonsillectomy andadenoidectomy in hospital.All patients were closely followed-up.

全组患儿中年龄＜2岁者5例，伴有颅面部畸形者6例(小下颌、下颌后缩5例，面横裂1例)，Down综合征2例，脑瘫2例，伴有慢性支气管炎者3例，黏多糖病1例。19例患儿均住院行整夜多道睡眠监测并接受扁桃体和腺样体切除手术，并对所有患儿进行随访。

Transsphenoidal extracranial rhinological repair has advantages of superior exposure of the sellar area , high rate of success, low morbidity and less complications.

结论这种颅外修补术具有创伤小、并发症少、成功率高的优点，并可同时处理鞍内病变，是修补蝶窦性脑脊液鼻漏的最佳入路。

The technique was described in detail, a limited supraorbital craniotomy was performed with a width of 25 to 30 mm and a height of 15 to 20 mm.

结景尽管开颅小，但可提供足够的空间进行颅内操作，保护脑和其他重要结构。

The supraorbital approach requires a much smaller skin incision, but could provide sufficient operating space in the suprasellar region for tumor removal which not only makes excellent surgical exposure for tumor and other structure in sella region and diminish brain retractionand tissue trauma, but also benefits for total excision of craniopharyngioma. So it is an effective and safe operative approach for tumor in the sella region.

眶上锁孔入路切口小，能提供鞍上区足够的手术空间，足以显露鞍区病变及其邻近结构，且减少了脑牵拉和手术创伤，有利于颅咽管瘤的全切除，是一种安全有效的处理鞍区病灶手术入路途径。

The supraorbital approach requires a much smaller skin incision, but could provide sufficient operating space in the suprasellar region for tumor removal which not only makes excellent surgical exposure for tumor and other structure in sella region and diminish brain retractionand tissue trauma, but also benefits for total excision of craniopharyngioma.

眶上锁孔入路切口小，能提供鞍上区足够的手术空间，足以显露鞍区病变及其邻近结构，且减少了脑牵拉和手术创伤，有利于颅咽管瘤的全切除，是一种安全有效的处理鞍区病灶手术入路途径。

Objectives: To compare the curative effect of removing hematoma through small skull window and that of CT guided aspiration in the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhagehappen up the tentorium of cerebellum.

目的：探讨小骨窗开颅血肿清除术和血肿腔穿刺外引流术两种手术方法在治疗幕上高血压脑出血中近期疗效的差别。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。