小说的

Chapter Five The Custom Culture and Fiction of the Han Dynasty The fiction was mainly affected by the custom culture in four aspects in the Han dynasty: Firstly, the fiction originated chiefly in hearsay. And the necromancy culture and comedy culture were its nutrition. Secondly, Many fiction writers were necromancers, comedians or bookmen whose status were like necromancers or comedians. The contents of the fiction are mainly hearsay and legend including freaky stories and person anecdotes, etc. There are particularly many contents about supernatural beings and necromancy. Owing to the factors such as writer composition and content source, the fiction has the artistic features of absurdity eeriness, wittiness, rich imagination, emphasis on imagery and narration, which give it strong literary colors.

第五章汉代风俗文化与汉代小说汉代风俗文化对本时期小说的影响主要表现为：汉代小说主要是在民间传说的土地上萌生出来的，当时的方士文化和俳优文化则是滋养它们的阳光雨露；方士、俳优或身份近于方士、俳优的文人是汉代小说作者队伍中的重要力量；汉代小说在内容上主要是对各种传言俗说的汇合，其中既有神怪故事，又有人物轶事，尤多神仙方术之谈；由于作者构成、内容来源等因素的影响，汉代小说具有虚诞、怪异、谐谑、想像丰富、注重形象性和故事性等艺术特点，这些特点赋予其较强的文学意味。

Putting in comparison the life of this leading novels author, J. R. R Tolkien along with the milieu of the creation of the trilogy as well as its plots and the characterization and the counterparts of Gothic novels, we can find evident similarities between them and the plain impact on the novel from Gothicism. It is within the framework of Gothicism that the novel presents the persistent religious issues and technophobia that most Gothic novels lay bare.

通过对小说原著作者托尔金的生活背景，以及小说的创作背景和小说中情节和人物的分析，可以看出指环王系列小说的创作背景与哥特小说的背景有明显的相似处，而小说本身也受到传统哥特风格的影响，并且在这个风格框架下，小说继续体现了典型的哥特小说中的宗教问题和对现代技术的恐惧。

When concerned narration time, they predigested modern narration time of western novel to hyperbaton narration, and then focused on " the abrupt beginning", and never grasped the flexibility that western novel narration time can cut time according to expression requirements; when concerned the narration angle,"I" in the works of new-novel critics is only the thread to link the stories, and the works never cares about the idea and sensation of "I"; when concerned the narration framework, for the obstinacy of the tradition of Chinese novel preference in plot, it is the most difficult to take in.

在小说的叙事时间上，新小说家把西方小说的现代叙事时间简化成了倒装叙事，又把倒装叙事集中在"开局突兀"上，根本没有领会西方近代小说叙事时间根据表达需要进行剪辑的灵活性；在叙事角度上，"新小说"家作品中的"我"只是串连故事的线索，作品根本没有关注我心里的思想和情感；在叙事结构上，因为中国小说重情节传统的顽固性，对西方小说叙事结构的接受也最难。

Part I :the definition of officialdom novels ,the insightful discussion of the development of them ,and the primary analysis of the reasons of their flourishing ;Part II :the construction of subject matters of officialdom novels by probing analysis into official corruption ,official and social psychologies ;Part III: the of artistic features of characters and narrative (i.e. narrative perspective constructions ,discourse and ironical narration ),which are illustrated by the positive characters with personalities ,negative ones with complex characteristics ,more importantly ,the vulgar existence ofgray characters ,the discovery of features of narrative methods with the contract of two types of novels ; Part IV: the positive comment on the realistic rules of officialdom novels and the surpassing of the previous ones ,the shortcomings from the artistic perspective : the adoption to the reality seriously fetters artistic imagination of literature works ,it also reads to the lacking of insightful thinking ,the simple characters fail to reveal artistic glamour ,the routinized narrative methods also degrades the artistic savor of works .

第一部分，界定官场小说的内涵，并对它的历史发展，对其在当下繁荣的原因做初步的探析；第二部分，从官场小说对官场腐败、官员内心世界和社会文化心理等方面的揭示考察其主题构成；第三部分，从人物形象、叙事方式(叙事视角、叙事结构、反讽叙事、叙事话语)等分析官场小说的艺术表现特征，指出官场小说不仅塑造了性格鲜明的正面人物，也真实刻画了具有复杂人性的反面角色，更重要的是展现了官场灰色人物的庸俗生存，并通过两类不同类型小说的对比，揭示其各自不同的叙事特征；第四部分，充分肯定官场小说的现实主义价值，及其对前期官场小说的超越，并从小说艺术角度指出其存在的严重不足：小说对现实的屈从束缚了作品的艺术想象力，使小说缺乏深厚的思想内蕴；人物形象也显得单薄，无法产生感人的艺术魅力；叙事的模式化也大大降低了作品的艺术品位。

I saw a couple of internet novels in the past years and some of them are YY (YY in chinese means psychosexuality) novels, why I talk this suddenly just because in my opion, this movie is as same as the YY novels.

前两年，喜欢看些网络小说，而网络小说的题材大都为YY小说，所以，我也看了几本，之所以突然扯到这个，是因为这部电影在我看来，就是和YY小说一样。

Chapter Five An analysis on the narration methods from the angles of women'slanguage and discourse is presented.women's language representswomen's constrained and disseminated state of existence,and thus analysisand examination on women's language is made through the following fiveaspects:1constrained and evasive language;2struggling language in thediary-style novels;3communicative language in the letter-style novels;4caring and revealing language in the autobiography novels;and 5satiricallanguage that insert in the slight crack.

但笔者更多着眼于现代女性小说中的女性语言反映女性被压抑和异化的生存状态。进入现代社会，尽管女性获得了话语的权利，但女性的语言和话语方式很难冲出她们的生存牢笼。本文中的"女性语言"不仅成为展开叙述的基本因素，更重要的是在现代女性小说中，它呈现出女性的话语方式与现实之间的两难困境。在这种基本前提之下，本文分五个部分来分析现代女性小说中的女性语言，从而比较中韩女性小说的叙述方式：一、禁闭与躲避的语言；二、日记体小说中挣扎的语言；三、书信体小说中沟通的语言；四、自传体小说的关怀与审视的语言；五、穿行于裂隙之间的讽刺语言。

As for me,this is a novel of crime, a novel of love, a novel of duplicity, a novel of faithfulness, a novel of punishment, a novel of forgiveness, a novel of stupidness, a novel of intelligence, a novel of behavior, a novel of words

就我而言，这是一个犯罪小说，爱情小说，小说的口是心非，一个忠诚的小说，一种惩罚，一个新的宽恕，一个笨小说，小说的情报小说，小说的行为，一个字小说

In view of this point, Lu Ling's novels are of value, because strong intellectual complex is embedded in his novels describing either workers or peasants, in which the character's spiritual dynamics receives utmost concernViewing from the perspective of the intellectual quality-freedom, enlightenment and reflection, this dissertation seizes up the traits of intellectual character of Lu Ling's novels in 1940's, in an attempt to reproduce the sheen of his novels, and also to take a glimpse at the psychological journeys of the youth generation at that ageThose characters in Lu Ling's novels behave unbridledly all the way through their life journeyo They rebel against all the absurd things, declare war on tradition, family and newly rising authority, also anatomize themselves They resort nowhere Their life is closely linked to tramp It is right during the course of tramp and rebellion that they realize themselves, look for freedom and luminosity, and achieve real contact with people; they have enjoyed the unrestraint to their heart's content as well as experience torture from various forces in heartLu Ling's novels are affluent in connotation This dissertation only studies from the perspective of intellectual, the topics among which like: freedom, tradition, individual and collective are still worthwhile studying up to now.

从这一点出发，路翎的小说很有价值。他的小说不管是描写工人还是农民，都带有浓重的知识分子情结。他的关于知识分子的小说，更是极力关注人物的精神动态。本文从现代知识分子品质的角度——自由、启蒙与反思，打量路翎四十年代小说中的知识分子人物的特质，企图在这种论说中使路翎小说的光彩重现，也从中窥视那一代青年在那个时代的心路历程。他小说中的那些人物，在人生的道路上一路狂飙过去。他们反叛一切不合理的东西，对传统、家庭、新生的权威开战，也对自己身上旧的、暧昧的因子毫不留情。他们在哪里也停留不下，他们的人生和流浪紧密地联系在一起。在这个不断的流浪和叛离中，他们认识自己，追寻自由、光明，力求与人民的真正接触。也正是在这个背叛—寻找的过程中，他们享受了狂飙的酣畅淋漓，也体会到了内心各种力量撕裂的痛苦。路翎小说的内涵很丰富，本文只是抽取了知识分子这个角度进行研究。当中的一些命题：自由、传统、个人与集体在今天还是很有研究价值的。

The fourth chapter Fiction Techniques analyzes the narrative structure and angles of Lu's fiction, his narrative characteristics; the author and the fiction construction; and the series of heroes in his fiction, the riddles, inscription, poems, lyrics, rhapsodies and qu; the conceptions and explanation of dreams, and the characteristics of historical novels; and "narration and creation " and allusions.

第四章&小说策略沦&，探讨了陆士谔小说的叙事结构与视角，分析了陆士谔小说的叙事特征：作者参与小说构建以及小说中的主人公系列；小说中的谜语、诗赋曲与题词；梦幻的意境与读解，及其历史小说之特色：&表而演之&与博采史鉴掌故。

From the film Lust, Caution to return to the original novel, the next part formes a discussion model of novel--film--novel,then it discusses how the film to go beyond and to surpass the original novel ,and discusses the means of "taking advantage", that is, how a film "taking advantage" of its oringinal novel for reference can make it originate from but surpass the novel?

下篇从《色，戒》电影再回到小说，形成一个小说——电影——小说的探讨模式，从电影对原著的背离与超越，深刻探讨&借&的方式，即如何&借&才能让电影源于小说而不止于小说、超越小说？

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。