小说

In the ontology of novels, Eco asserted that the truth of novels would be presented in a possible world which is authentic, through the imagination and the writing skill of the author. And also, Eco excluded author\'s subjective experience from fictioneering, went in for impersonalization of novel art, which resulted in ignoring the truth of novels.

在小说本体论中，艾柯认为小说的真实性乃是通过艺术家的想象力与艺术技巧的运用，施之于文本建立起一个具有可信性的可能世界；同时，艾柯将创作者的主体经验从小说创作中清除出局，追求对小说艺术的非人格化理解，这导致了艾柯对小说真理性的搁置。

Based on the rich historical soil and macrostructure of society, this thesis draws from the perspective of sociology on Lucien Goldmann's sociologictheory on novels-happenstantialistic structuralism, chooses structure as the key point of tangency with respect to the change of viewpoint following the sociologic imagination, andthus focuses on the interpretation of sociology on both the Chinese and Western novels by analyzing the social spirits and cultural spirits. From the standpoint of successive longitudinal happenstantialism and conexisting horizontal structuralism, the thesis also endeavors to understand and interpret the complicated relationship between novel structure and spiritual structure of sodiety from the external to the internal, thus systematically illustrates the deep relationship between novels and society.

论文将小说置于社会学视野内，立足深厚的历史土壤，依据宏观的社会构架，发挥社会学的想象力，借鉴吕西安·戈德曼"发生学结构主义"小说社会学理论，选择"结构"作为遵循社会学想象力进行视角转换的重要切入点，着重从社会精神和文化精神的层面对中西小说进行社会学的阐释；在历时纵向发生学和共时横向结构主义的视阈中，由此及彼，由表及里，"理解"和"解释"小说结构与社会精神结构间的复杂关系，进而系统地阐明小说与社会的深层关系。

Second, using traditional texturing method, the author pointed out application of texturing method in Wanganyi" s novels, transferred it to narrate level , analysed changes in distance, narrating stop, rhythm speed that texturing method brings in novels, analyse the strong points and weak points further, especially the weak point, namely narrow, close space of novel, the poverty of the inner world of character , and bias of author" s values and ideology.,Third, from novel language and way of narrating , the author point out characteristic of authority narrates in Wanganyi s novels, analysed individualized inclination of authority narrate, compared with Chenran, Linbai and Hainai and point out that the essence of its authority narrates is the fictitious authority

二、借用绘画传统技法&皴&，指出王安忆小说中皴法的运用，并将之引申到叙述学的层面，分析皴法的使用对小说在时空距离、动静结合、叙述停顿、节奏速度等方面带来的变化，进一步分析皴法的优缺点，重点分析不足之处，即小说相对空间的狭窄、封闭，人物精神世界的贫乏，以及作者价值观念、意识形态的偏颇。三、从小说语言和叙述方式入手指出王安忆小说权威叙述的特点，分析权威叙述体现出的女性个人化创作倾向，将之与陈染、林白、海男等女性个人化创作比较，并指出其权威叙述的实质是虚构的权威。

Based on the rich historical soil and macrostructure of society, this thesis draws from the perspective of sociology on Lucien Goldmann's sociologictheory on novels-happenstantialistic structuralism, chooses structure as the key point of tangency with respect to the change of viewpoint following the sociologic imagination, andthus focuses on the interpretation of sociology on both the Chinese and Western novels by analyzing the social spirits and cultural spirits. From the standpoint of successive longitudinal happenstantialism and conexisting horizontal structuralism, the thesis also endeavors to understand and interpret the complicated relationship between novel structure and spiritual structure of sodiety from the external to the internal, thus systematically illustrates the deep relationship between novels and society.

论文将小说置于社会学视野内，立足深厚的历史土壤，依据宏观的社会构架，发挥社会学的想象力，借鉴吕西安·戈德曼&发生学结构主义&小说社会学理论，选择&结构&作为遵循社会学想象力进行视角转换的重要切入点，着重从社会精神和文化精神的层面对中西小说进行社会学的阐释；在历时纵向发生学和共时横向结构主义的视阈中，由此及彼，由表及里，&理解&和&解释&小说结构与社会精神结构间的复杂关系，进而系统地阐明小说与社会的深层关系。

3Rd , took the popular literature , the Contemporary China unreliable imaginary novel inevitable one-sidedly has the pursue plot in the esthetic interest windingly , by caters to the tendency which the reader flight from reality leisure reading needs , but is unreliable innately is imaginary different in the reading interest creation with other popular literature characteristics , one is in the unreliable imaginary novel is flooding each kind of daydream grand feast Two is the unreliable imaginary novel has the broad compatibility Three is as a result of take the network as the publication main carrier , on was objective eliminated publishing industry some barriers , the unreliable imaginary novel had in the interest creation superiority which the knight-errant , the romance and so on other popular literature could not have .

3，作为通俗文学，当代中国玄幻小说在审美趣味上不可避免的具有片面追求情节曲折，以迎合读者逃避现实的休闲阅读需要的倾向，不过玄幻小说在阅读的趣味创造上自有不同于其它通俗文学的特点，一是玄幻小说里充斥着各类白日梦的盛宴；二是玄幻小说具有宽泛的兼容性；三是由于以网络为发表的主要载体，客观上消除了出版业的一些壁垒，玄幻小说具有武侠，言情等其它通俗文学所不能拥有的趣味创造上的优势。

Cooper"s frontier romances, Hawthorne"s romances, Stowe"s domestic novels, and Melville"s sea romances fully displayed their understanding of the spirit of the romantic dialectic concept in inheriting tradition and giving play to their talents. Whether its Cooper"s art of redundancy and reduction, or Hawthorn"s art of the real and the subjective, or Stowe"s art of sentimentalizing, or Melville"s art of flux, they all exhibited individual features and the artistic features of their age sharply.

个性化创作赋予美国小说真正的艺术价值，库柏的边疆小说、霍桑的罗曼司、斯陀夫人的家庭小说、麦尔维尔的航海小说充分体现了美国小说家在继承传统和发挥个人才能时对浪漫主义辩证法精髓的领悟，他们的小说艺术无论是加与减，还是虚与实，是煽情还是流动，都体现了鲜明的个人特征和时代共性。

Charlotte Bronte"s novel jane Eyre come up to exceed novel"s tradition on the aspect of contene and form. The novel seems apparent and uniform, but it can display a multiplex world , it also turn into a classical in West literature. In every era, reachers discuss it from different view and different way. Generally, reachers focus on the heroine Jane Eyre, the novel becomes the model of monologue novel in the viewpoint , of Mikhail Bakhtin. Meanwhile, another character Bartha Mason turn into a recessive existence , in the grow up of feminism, Bartha Mason be concerned in some degree, but she is a foil in some views.

夏洛蒂·勃朗特的小说《简·爱》在内容和形式层面，都达到了对小说传统的超越与反叛，小说在一个看似统一的表层之下张扬着一个多元的世界，成为西方文学中的经典文本，历代对它的研究从不同的视角以不同的方式展开，不论做什么层面的解读，常将关注点聚焦于主人公简·爱，小说也成为巴赫金意义上的&独白型&小说的典范，而另一人物伯莎，成为隐性的存在，在女权主义的兴起中，伯莎得到一定关注，但依旧被作为简·爱的陪衬。

Through " internal monologue " and "poeticized novel", she displayed the internal activities of the character and depicted the image of.

在小说技法上，她纯熟地运用绘画的&构图艺术&、宏观的透视方法、主导的象征意象来丰富小说艺术的表现功能；她通过&内心独白&和&诗化小说&来展现人物心灵，刻画人物形象，构筑小说的独特意境，赋予小说美的内涵和意

From the angle of "British Gothic novel tradition", based on the examples of classicGothic novels such as The Mysteries of Udolpho, The Italian, The Monk, this articleaims to summarize the essential elements of Gothic novels in the aspects of scene,plot, theme and character, so to establish a new view and interpretation of the"children's novel"Harry Potter. It also analyses the novel's role in inheriting andinnovating Gothic novels'traditions and values, and the cultural significance of itsoverwhelming popularity at the beginning of the new millennium.

本文选取&英国哥特体小说传统&这一角度，以被誉为哥特小说经典之作的《奥多芙的神秘》、《意大利人》、《僧侣》为例，总结了英国传统哥特小说在场景、情节、主题和人物等方面的要素，并由此重新解读惯常被称为&儿童小说&的《哈利·波特》，分析它对哥特小说传统的继承和在新时代背景下的创新，以及其在世纪之交风靡全球的文化意义。

Then, it makes an analysis about monologue and dialogue conveyed in this novel, according to Bakhtin's polyphony theory. Multiple narrating voices help to widen this epistolary novel's perspectives by shifting from the limited to the omniscient.

然后，本论文借鉴巴赫金的复调小说理论，通过分析该小说中&独白性&与&对话性&的交互特征，指出沃克在该小说中运用多重叙述声音将书信体小说由传统的限知视角转为全知视角，拓展了书信体小说的视角。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。