小说

That is to say, we could draw a conclusion through the comparison of different editions of drum words of Two Degrees Plum in Qing Dynasty Republic of China with the form, content and thought of novel, and the comparison of the form, content and thought with different editions of drum words. Our conclusion is that different type of edition of the drum words in latter Qing Dynasty times, which basically followed the traditional modes of past drum words from the formality, but the ideological content could directly reflect the vicissitudes of society and idea at that time with the times changed. The different types of texts of drum words had directly reflected the traditional entertainment involving talking and singing entertainer's thoughts (they represented the first floor people's thoughts at that time), and also had directly reflected the common and popular writers'thoughts from their adaptions(they represented at that time one kind of residential social stratum thought which increased sharply along with city expanded and resident social stratum population produced, and this thought also referred to one kind of thought after the chromolithography had entered into China in latter Qing dynasty, cultural printing propagation velocity sped up and drum words gradually became the ordinary resident's table-top reading material).This kind of thought produced along with the social vicissitudes, also impelled the entire society's forward development and the progress from the science and technology and the cultural domain.

本文即是对《二度梅》小说故事被改编为鼓词的文本进行研究的一篇论文，即通过对现存的清代民国《二度梅》鼓词的不同类型的版本与小说形式、内容、思想之间的比较，鼓词与鼓词不同类型版本之间的形式、内容、思想之间的比较，来阐述出一个结论，就是晚清时期的不同类型的鼓词版本，从形式上基本仍然沿袭了过去鼓词的传统模式，但内容思想上则随着时代变化而能够更直接地反映着当时的社会思想变迁，鼓词不同类型的版本文本直接反映了说唱艺人的思想(他们代表的是当时底层民众的思想)，也直接反映了文人改编鼓词的普通俗文人思想(他们代表了当时随着城市的扩大市民阶层人数的激增而产生的一种市民阶层的思想，当然这种思想也是指晚清石印术进入中国后文化印刷传播速度加快，鼓词逐渐成为普通市民的案头读物后而产生的一种思想来说的)，正是这种随着社会变迁产生的思想，又从科技和文化领域推动了整个社会的向前发展和进步。

Among all the skills, the following constitute a special attractive style in Xiao hong's novel, which are a demonstration of Xiao hong's discovery and development in her novel language as well, such as, complicated narration against with concision, contrary narration of implication instead of superficial semantics, intended a Aberrationalorganization of sentences, Circumbendibus of meanings and flavors with artful organization of sounds and rhythms, and etc.

其中，与简洁"背道而驰"的繁复叙述，以内在含义扭转表层语义的"悖反叙述"，有意"越轨"的句子组合方式，以及巧借声韵的婉约传达意味与情趣等特点，构成了萧红后期小说文体的独特魅力，也显示了萧红在小说语言艺术上的探索与变化。

I'd rather classify his novels as science fiction.

我宁可把他的小说归类于科幻小说。

So when Comic Relief asked me to write something I thought I would just love to write them, I just thought it would be so much fun and I was completely correct.

我总是为了使小说写得更好而多写一些我不需要放在小说里的东西，所以那里面有很多东西都是我为了消遣而写的。

The existence of these three types of images indicates the cultural differences between the east and the west and demonstrates the distinction in the aesthetical ideals and creative ideas of individual authors, but the new immigrant novels also demonstrate their weakness in employing natural images to convey the communicability of the eastern and western cultures, the spiritual symbiosis and mutual-integration of the people from the east and the west, and the modernity of contemporary thoughts.

新移民小说中这三类自然意象的存在，具体体现了中西文化的差异，表现了作家各自不同的审美理想与创作思想。但是，新移民小说在通过自然意象表现东西方文化的相通性、东西方人精神的共生与共融性、当代思想的前沿性与现代性方面是远远不够的，值得我们深思。

In part I, after a brief historical study of the writings of new immigrants, we know the writings usually become a narration of experiences, which appears to be either popular fictions of American Dream, or private novels which concern with oneself only. Different from them, Yan"s novels show her quest for the common humanity, and insistently concerning of the living condition of the inferiors, which is absent in the writings of new immigrants. In this aspect, Yan"s novels break into a new field.

上篇通过对新移民写作简单的历史性追述，讨论由于新移民写作的体验性，它往往流于经验性的描述，不是写成"美国梦"的通俗小说，就是躲进小楼只关注内心世界的私小说，而严歌苓则以一个来自第三世界的女性知识分子的独特视角观照普遍人性，坚守对弱者生存的书写，弥补了新移民写作中漠视人文关怀的缺陷，其写作具有重大突破。

As to the formation and evolution of the motives in classical fictions, our viewpoints are: the FuXi custom had engendered an extremely rich repertory of motives, such as JianDi pregnancy legend in the Shang Dynasty, which was the earliest form of the "Swan Maiden" type stories in the world. This type of the story later in the Jin Dynasty evolved into the Maiden-bird type story, which again involved into many other stories in which maidens took the shape of an egret, a swallow, a snail, a tigress, a fairy maiden or a girl in lotus leaves. The custom of HanShi or QingMing may be embodied in the stories about encountering with a girl reviving from a tomb. The dragon in classical fictions may be disguised into an ox or trees, whose fight on fifth of May was a counterevidence of DuanWu.

至于古小说母题的生成和演化方面，我们也许可以认识到：以上巳为主的祓禊风俗产生了最为丰富的小说故事母题，如殷商时期的简翟生子传说是世界上最早的"天鹅处女"型故事，它在晋代又演化为女鸟故事；而那些鹤女、鹄女、鹭女、燕女、螺女、虎女、荷衣女等故事，则在不同程度上是"天鹅处女"型故事的变型型式；在同异境女子遇合的故事中，郑交甫神遇江妃二女、世间男子巧遇仙境女子的故事都包藏着上巳习俗的内涵，而幽婚故事更多地带有寒食、清明风俗的痕迹；古代盛传的金牛故事、青牛故事不但可以归属龙类故事，而且在很大程度上与端午厌胜蛟龙的巫术有关，至于龙斗故事则明显地和端午习俗相联系，甚至可以由此反证端午驱龙的本意。

Many critics of Eamily Bronte's novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint.

许多艾米丽·勃朗特的小说《呼啸山庄》的评论家把小说的第二部分看作一种对比。

First,inspected Zhang Tianyi novel's practical pursue and the criticalness strengthens,he can always adhere to the spirit of realism,and integrates own life to realize from experience,entrusts with its meaning of the times,has affected the new writers' creative thinking,and find a new way for the left-wing literature being forward;next, Zhang Tianyi profited from some theatrical creation factor to realize its satire intention,has had the important influence to the 1930's satire literatures,expanded its influence,urged the satire literature to move towards flourishing;Once again, Zhang Tianyi novel's modernity search has made the preliminary conformity and the standard to Modern Chinese Literature's modernity reforming regards the realism ideological trend in China's changing,its modernity value and the significance, were urging the literature powerfully in 1930's to modernized forward.

首先，考察了张天翼小说的写实性追求和批判性强化，他能够始终坚持写实的精神，并融入自己的生命体悟，赋予其时代的意义，影响了新文学作家的创作思维，为正在前进中的左翼文学找到了新的路向；其次，张天翼借鉴了一些戏剧性的创作因素来实现其讽刺的意图，对30年代的讽刺文学产生了重要影响，扩大了其影响，促使着讽刺文学逐渐走向繁兴；再次，张天翼小说的现代性探求对中国现代文学的现代性转型做出了初步的整合和规范来看待现实主义思潮在中国的流变，其所具有的现代性价值与意义，有力地促使着文学在1930年代向现代化的迈进。

Michael Cunningham: This is one of the pitfalls of writing any novel that involves a great deal of research.

迈克尔？坎宁安：这是写小说的困难之一，创作任何小说都需要作大量的研究。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。