小说

Inheriting the tradition of Russian realistic literature, Bunin is bold to put forth new ideas in his novel writing in which novelettes and short stories take the most dominate position with Arseniev's Life as the only novel.

在继承了俄罗斯现实主义文学的优秀传统的同时，在小说创作上进行了大胆的艺术创新，小说以中短篇小说为主，《阿尔谢尼耶夫的一生》是唯一的一部长篇。

In the work, Hemingway, based on the story between the old man and the two waiters, pointed out that Nada commonly exists in human's life, it is actually the experience of one's own existence, and the only way to resist Nada is to keep a clean and well-lighted place in the mind.

为了正确理解该篇小说以及作者的思想，本文从不同角度分析了作家和作品，包括对海明威生平的研究，小说的写作背景、主要人物和虚无主题的分析，阐明了小说虚无思想的起源和本质。

About the Author/作者介绍: Robert Ward is the author of seven previous novels,including the NEA Grant Award-winning Shedding Skin,and Red Baker,which won the Pen West Award for Best Novel of 1985.That book led producers Drvid Milch and Jeff Lewis to bring him to Hollywood to write and produce the award-winning show Hill Street Blues.Mr Ward also served as co-executive producerof Miami vice,with Michael Mann,and New York Undercover,with Dick Wolf.Mr Ward now spends his full time writing fiction.He is the father of four boys and lives with his wife ,Celeste Wesson,and son Robbie in Los Angeles.

罗伯特 沃德曾经写过七部小说，其中包含了获得美国教育协会奖的作品《隐蔽的皮肤》以及获得1985年西部执笔最佳小说奖的《穿红衣的面包师》，正是由于《穿红衣的面包师》使制片人戴尔维麦旭夫和杰夫路易斯的注意并将他介绍进了获奖影片《小山街道贵族》的剧组从事写作和制片工作，与此同时，他和米歇尔麦那共同制作了影片《迈阿密阴谋》，与迪克沃尔夫共同制作了影片《纽约风暴》，现在的罗勃特沃德专心致志的从事小说写作，他和他的妻子以及四个孩子现在居住在洛杉矶。

The study thus refines the inner features of the other schools in New Times to mirror its native time thrust in the New-history Novels.

正因为这样的偏差，使人们更有必要关注新历史小说的本土精神资源，因此在这章接下来的部分，是通过对新时期其他小说流派中的精神特质等的提炼来反映新历史小说的本土时代精神资源的。

To be specific, the thesis will take the novelist and his works as an integer by putting them into the transformation of the society, its social-historical thoughts and culture context, by observing the novelist and his works from thoughts resources to the development, from the thematic diachronic evolvement to the synchronic cultural comparison, from the innate writing talents to the unavoidable psychological dilemma, and therefore, grasp the research object wholly.

寻根探源历来是研究作家创作思想的重要方法和不可或缺的步骤，但当前对张炜小说创作&思想资源&的研究却不多见。本文认为，张炜小说创作的&思想资源&多元而丰富：儒家文化的入世情怀与仁爱思想，道家文化的天人合一与自为自在精神，鲁迅的启蒙观念与理性精神，俄国文学的道德理想与苦难意识，民间文化自由与奔放的人间情怀，及以&焦虑&、&绝望&为认知特征的现代西方哲学等等，都对张炜小说创作思想的形成、发展产生了重要影响。

The term of "metafiction"is introduced to denote Anderson's story as an exploration of the use of fiction as its own metaphor of self-creation.

安德森的《林中之死》是&元小说&的代表作，开创了一种新的小说模式，即把小说的形式作为自身创造的隐喻。

Part One A Comprehensive Study Chapter One Self-comparison, Self-description and Selfnarration: Self-expression of Fiction——Fiction Creative Motivations of The Men of Letters from the Perspective of Creative Characteristics. A Dream of Red Mansions is a story of a stone itself, Du Shaoqing in The Scholars is a self-decription of Wu Jingzi, Wen Ruyu in An Immortal's Roam in the Green Fields, Li Baichuan. To a great extent, the heroes in these novels reflect the experiences and thoughts of the authors. Although there exist many differences between the novels, but self-description and self-expression are their common characteristics, they include and indicate the particular personal experiences of the creative subject play a decisive role in creation in the development Chinese fiction, and the most direct creative motivation for the scholars in the Qianlong period.

上编 综论第一章&自譬&&自况&&自寓&：长篇小说的自我抒解性——从创作特征看乾隆时期文人长篇小说的创作动因《红楼梦》是&自譬石头所记之事&，《儒林外史》中杜少卿为吴敬梓&自况&，《野叟曝言》中文素臣之于夏敬渠，《绿野仙踪》的冷于冰、温如玉之于李百川，都有相当程度的&自寓&性，这几部小说尽管在诸多方面相差甚远，但在自我影写、自我抒解的&自况&特征上有着共同性，这正是小说发展到清代中期，文人独立创作长篇小说最具有时代性的特征，它包含和指向的是中国长篇小说发展进程中创作主体的人生特殊性对小说创作之决定性意义的问题，包含着乾隆时期文人长篇小说最直接的创作动因。

Dan Weiss has written the novel Lucky Wander Boy and the screen adaptations for the forthcoming films Halo, based on the videogame, and Pattern Recognition, from the William Gibson story. He and Benioff also worked together on the screenplay for Ender's Game, adapting the novel by Orson Scott Card.

Dan则著有小说《幸运的游荡男孩》，参与了根据游戏改编的电影《光环》的制作（显然那时微软和环球还没闹翻），目前他还在为华纳改编William Gibson的小说《模式识别》，他和benioff也一起参与了Orson Scott Card的小说《安德的游戏》的电影版改编。

May 4 Movement novels contain the spirit of scientific rationality, creative way of thinking and concepts of modern science. Science fictions have changed not only the external form of the novels, but also the traditional concept of practical literature with a "science" cloak and re-embarked on a novel creation of the modem stage of history.

五四&小说所呈现的科学理性精神、思想方法以及创作观念与西方近代科学有着密切的关联，科学不仅改变了&五四&小说的外部形态，也使得传统的实用文学观披上&科学的外衣，重新走上了现代小说创作的历史舞台。

They draw on the essential elements of southern literary tradition and search for new artistic expression to make technical experiments on forms of art.

本文试图从分析&南方文艺复兴&的定义入手，并以福克纳家世系列小说中的典型形象为例，对南方文学的核心---南方家庭小说的社会历史根源及其主要框架和人物模式进行分析，从而系统地了解家庭小说的人物特点。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。