小蜂

Within a syconium, pollinators and non-pollinators are interacting with each other in high-density populations.

在同一个榕果中，具有较高种群密度的传粉榕小蜂和多种非传粉榕小蜂生存在一起并相互作用。

These fig wasps lay eggs into a syconium in a strict oviposition timing, for occupying the diverse niches, which reflect their different biological traits.

结果证明，鸡嗉果榕内生活的各种榕小蜂通过比较严格的产卵时序在榕果内产卵以占领不同的生态位，这反映了这些榕小蜂各自的生物学特性。

The Antennal ultrastructures of the two closely related wasp species, Aprostocetus prolixus and Aprostocetus fukutai, were observed by scanning electron microscope. The types, numbers, morphological characteristics and distribution patterns of the antennal sensilla of the two species were described, and the differences between two sexes were compared too.

利用扫描电镜观察了同属的桑天牛卵啮小蜂和桑天牛长尾啮小蜂的触角感器，对这两种寄生蜂触角感器的种类、形态、数量及分布进行了描述，并对雌雄两性触角之间的差异做了比较。

Due to its simple structure and easy operation, users could key to every genus by multi-approaches, such as choosing any character or several characters to begin, clicking the buttons on the tool column. There were many image pictures and notes information in the key, which should make users have more overall understanding to every genus of the Chalcididae; there were different fault-tolerant levels in the system in order to avoid the various mistakes.

其结构简单，使用方便，用户可以从任一特征开始选择，也可以进行多项选择或通过点击工具栏上的操作按钮等多种途径，对中国小蜂科各属进行灵活检索；检索表中包含了许多形象图片和文字信息，能够让用户对小蜂科各属有较全面的了解；系统还具有不同的容错功能，可以避免因各种原因导致的错误。

Encyrtidae is a larger family of Chalcidoidea, Hymenoptera.

跳小蜂科Encyrtidae是膜翅目Hymenoptera小蜂总科Chalcidoidea中的一个大科。

As to which one would like to pay the evolutionary cost to develop the mechanism to maintain the system stable, it seems that only the figs developed the mechanism to maintain the system stable by positive regulation to foundress number to be in their fruit cavities.

由于榕树与榕小蜂所竞争的公共资源仅只有榕树所提供，因而维持系统稳定的博弈中榕树所获得利益比榕小蜂大，这样就形成了一个&智猪博弈&，因而维持系统稳定的机制只由一方进化而来。

We produced two groups of pollinating wasps, either carrying pollen or not, and introduced one or two foundress wasps from each group into single figs. Figs entered by no wasps aborted rapidly, but almost all figs entered by wasps completed their development normally, except a few entered by a single pollen-free wasp.

结果发现：没有传粉榕小蜂进入的隐头花序果会很快终止发育并脱落；而在放了传粉榕小蜂的隐头花序果里，除少数几个放一只不带粉的外，隐头花序果基本都能完成其生活史。

Fig/fig pollinator mutualistic systems are exploited by non-pollinating fig wasps.

榕树与传粉榕小蜂的互惠共生体系被多种非传粉榕小蜂利用。

The wasp prefer to laying in the female scale during before ovipositing with eggs.

观察还发现，友恩蚜小蜂可在自己、同种或异种小蜂产过卵的松突圆蚧上产卵，嗜好孕卵期的雌蚧上产卵。

The secret of plants belong to banyans head for the tree having survival provide food and place, Ficus small bee for of plants belong to banyans pollination and effectiveness.

榕属植物的隐头花序为榕小蜂的生存提供食物和场所；榕小蜂为榕属植物传粉而效力。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。