小苞片

Pedicel bearing a bract and bracteole toward either base or apex, pubescent, puberulent, or glabrous; bracteole similar to bract but smaller.

花梗向基部或先端生苞片和小苞片，短柔毛，被微柔毛，或无毛；小苞片类似苞片但是更小。

Flowers subsessile; pedicel absent to 1(--2) mm, pubescent; bract and bracteole borne on distal part of pedicel, linear-lanceolate, proximally pubescent; bract 4--8(--11) mm, shorter than or equaling flower (sometimes a few bracts at base of raceme to 2 × flower length), apex acute.

花近无柄；花梗无到1(-2)毫米，密被短短柔毛；苞片和小苞片生于花梗上部，线状披针形，下部的短柔毛；苞片4-8(-11)毫米，短于或等长花（有时苞片在基部的总状花序达2倍花长度，先端锐尖。

Flowers subsessile to distinctly pedicellate; pedicel 0.5--6(--10) mm, pubescent or puberulent; bract and bracteole usually borne at or near apex of pedicel; bract lanceolate to narrowly so, 3--12 mm, shorter than flower (sometimes a few bracts at base of raceme to 2 × flower length), glabrous, apex acute.

花有花梗近无柄的到明显；花梗0.5-6(-10)毫米，具短柔毛或微柔毛；苞片和小苞片通常着生在花梗的先端或近先端；苞片披针形到狭披针形，3-12毫米，短于花(有时几枚苞片在总状花序基部达2倍花长度)，无毛，先端锐尖。

Inflorescences axillary; spikes terminal and axillary or only terminal, densely arranged into 4--11 spikelets; lateral spikes almost sessile; bracts longer than first bractlet, margin broadly membranous and wider than herbaceous part, apex rigidly and thickly cuspidate; each flower subtended by a bractlet; first bractlet similar to bracts but slightly shorter.

花序腋生只顶生的穗状花序顶生和腋生或，浓密排列为4-11小穗；侧的穗状花序几无梗；苞片长于第一个小苞片，边缘宽膜质和宽比草质深裂，刚硬和厚骤尖的先端；每花以一小苞片被包着；首先除了稍短小苞片类似苞片。

Bracteoles and sepals 7-11(-17), imbricate; outer 2-5(or 6) bracteoles and sepals caducous after anthesis.

小苞片和萼片7-11(-17)，成鳞状；外部2-5(或6)小苞片和萼片早落的在花后。

The artificial flower doctrine that with German botanist Engele is a delegate thinks the flower of angiosperm and gymnospermous ball flower agree completely, every stamen and carpel, be equivalent to a male flower that degrades extremely and female flower respectively, consequently tentative idea angiosperm is to come from child plant hemp is yellow kind yellow Ephedra Campylopoda of curved handle hemp, following plan institute are shown, in this tentative idea, the bud of male flower piece turn into perianth, the bud of female flower piece turn into carpel, the small bud of every male flower piece after disappearing, remain a stamen only, female flower small bud piece ovule is remained only after disappearing, ministry of foundations of move unripe Yu Zi.

以德国植物学家恩格勒为代表的假花学说认为被子植物的花和裸子植物的球花完全一致，每个雄蕊和心皮，分别相当于1个极端退化的雄花和雌花，因而设想被子植物是来自棵子植物麻黄类的弯柄麻黄Ephedra campylopoda，如下图所示，在这个设想里，雄花的苞片变为花被，雌花的苞片变为心皮，每个雄花的小苞片消失后，只剩下一个雄蕊，雌花小苞片消失后只剩下胚珠，着生于子房基部。

Flowers epigynous, small, bisexual or staminate, regular, in simple or compound umbels; umbellules few to many-flowered; rays often subtended by bracts forming a involucre; umbellules usually subtended by bracteoles forming an involucel.

花上位，小，两性或者雄性，整齐，组成单一或者复合的伞形花序；小伞形花序有花少数至多花；舌状花通常被苞片（形成一个总苞包着；小伞形花序通常被小苞片包着。

Inflorescence a terminal panicle, raceme, or spike, dense or lax, covered by 1--3 spatulate involucral bracts when immature; bracts open to base, rarely hooded, each subtending 1 flower or a cincinnus of 2 to many flowers; bracteoles open to base or tubular, rarely hooded, sometimes absent.

花序一顶生圆锥花序，总状花序，疏松的或穗状花序，紧密或疏松，未发育完全时被1-3匙形总苞片覆盖；苞片打开至基部，很少盔状，每苞片着生1花或蝎尾状聚伞花序的2到多数花；小苞片打开至基部或管状，很少盔状，有时无。

Leaves reduced upwards. Inflorescence branching, umbels compound, terminal on stem and branches; bracts entire, 2–3-lobed to pinnate or absent; rays 5–20, those of primary terminal umbel stout, spreading-ascending or diffuse; bracteoles similar to bracts or absent; umbellules 10–30-flowered.

叶向上变小花序分枝，复伞状花序，在茎和分枝上顶生；苞片全缘，2-3浅裂到羽状的或无；伞辐5-20，那些初级顶生伞形花序坚固的，平展上升的或铺散的；小苞片类似苞片或无；小伞形花序10-30开花。

Umbels 1–2 cm across, terminal or lateral; peduncles 2–7 cm; bracts 1, linear-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, or absent; rays 2–3, 5–10 mm, unequal; bracteoles 1–2, similar to bract, 0.5–1.5 mm, shorter than pedicels, or absent; umbellules 3–5(–9)-flowered; pedicels 2–4 mm. Calyx teeth minute, triangular, ca. 0.15 mm, caducous.

伞形花序1-2厘米直径，顶生或侧生；花序梗2-7厘米；苞片1，线状披针形，约3毫米，或无；伞辐2-3，5-10毫米，不等长；小苞片1-2，类似苞片，0.5-1.5毫米，短于花梗，或无；小伞形花序3-5(-9)开花；花梗2-4毫米萼齿小，三角形，大约0.15毫米，早落。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。