小膜

Inflorescence a single, stiff, 2-sided raceme, spikelets arranged edgeways on, alternate in 2 opposite rows, their inner edges sunk in hollows of the tough rachis. Spikelets laterally compressed, florets several to many, uppermost florets reduced, disarticulating below each floret; glumes leathery; lower glume suppressed except in terminal spikelet and there similar to upper; upper glume abaxial, narrow, persistent, shorter than lemmas to as long as spikelet; lemmas membranous to leathery, rounded on back, 5–9-veined, with or without a subterminal awn; palea usually equal to lemma.

花序一单个，硬，2边的总状花序，小穗侧面压扁，小花数枚到多数，在每小花下面退化，脱节的最上部的小花；颖片革质；压抑的更低的颖片除了在顶生的小穗里和那里类似于上面；背面，狭窄，宿存的上面颖片，短于外稃在倍于小穗；外稃膜质到革质，在背面上圆形，5-9－脉，有或没有一芒；内稃通常等于外稃。

Its main features were: the flowering branch 70~170 cm; the inflorescence is racemes or simple panicle; the axis of inflorescence is thick, and the node is distict; there are 4~5 florets in a spikelet, and the spikelet is non-stem; small rachis internodes glabrous, and the pikelet like a stick; there are 2 membrane glume; the lemma is longer or equal to the palea; there are 2 squamas, and 6 stamens; its ovarium like ovatum; there are 3 brushy tigmas; did not see the caryopsis; flowering February-March.

摘要《中国植物志》第九卷第一分册及其它的相关文献均无关于竹亚科簕竹属吊罗坭竹花的描述或记录，本文作者采集制作了该竹子繁殖器官标本，并分别用中文和拉丁文对其进行了描述，其主要特征：花枝长70~170 cm；花序为总状花序或简单的圆锥花序；花序轴粗，节明显；小穗含4~5朵小花；小穗无柄；小穗轴节间无毛，呈棒状；颖2，膜质；外稃长或等于内稃；鳞被2；雄蕊6；子房卵形；柱头3，呈毛刷状；颖果未见。

The females incubated at 33 , their ovarium has powerful cortex, the germinal epithlium produce oocyte, its medulla degenerate into ovarian cavity. During sexual differentiation, mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum in cells of ovary increase in quantity, they disintegrate after sexual differentiation. There are a lot of big grana in cells of ovary before sexual differentiation, in the course of sexual differentiation the quantity of the big grana decrease, while small grana increase and peakafter sexual differentiation. The males incubation at 26 , cortices of their testes degenerate into a thin albuginea. Medulla are formed by testicular cords in which scatter spermatogonium.

33℃下孵化的小龟卵巢皮质发达，由原始生殖细胞产生卵原细胞，髓质退化成为卵巢腔，分化时卵巢细胞的超微结构显示线粒体和内质网的数量大大增加，它们在分化结束后解体，分化前细胞内有较多的大颗粒，在分化中大颗粒减少，小颗粒增多，在分化后小颗粒达到最多。26℃下孵化的小龟精巢皮质退化成为一层薄的白膜，髓质有许多睾丸管构成，管腔内有散落排列的精原细胞。

Spikelets laterally compressed, florets 1 to several, loosely spaced, rachilla slender, disarticulating above glumes and between florets, rachilla internodes pubescent at apex; glumes membranous, very unequal with the lower shorter, 1–5(–7)-veined; lemmas narrowly lanceolate to ovate, 3–5(–7)-veined, keeled, usually pubescent near margins, apex narrow, bidenticulate or rarely entire, acute, mucronate or shortly awned; palea keels glabrous or ciliolate.

小穗侧面压扁，小花1到数个，松弛隔开，纤细，脱节的小穗轴高于和在小花，小穗轴节间短柔毛在先端之间；颖片膜质，极不等具这更下部的短，(-7)脉；外稃狭披针形的到卵形，内稃龙骨无毛或者具短缘毛。

Spikelets protogynous, strongly laterally compressed, floret 1, falling entire from pedicel; rachilla extension absent; glumes equal,± equaling and enclosing floret, broadly lanceolate to oblong, membranous to thinly leathery, prominently 3-veined, strongly keeled, keel usually ciliate, infrequently winged, lower margins almost free or connate for up to half their length, apex obtuse, acute or shortly awned; lemma broadly lanceolate to ovate, usually thinly membranous, keeled, obscurely 5-veined, smooth, glabrous, lower margins often connate, awned from lower back, apex truncate to acute; awn straight when short or geniculate when longer, column smooth, usually twisted at maturity, bristle scabrid; palea absent or very small.

雌蕊先熟的小穗，强烈侧面压扁，小花1，从花梗那里变为全缘；小穗轴扩展缺席；颖片等长，多少等长和包围小花，宽披针形的到长圆形，膜质到薄革质，显著3脉，强烈龙骨状，外稃宽披针形的到卵形，直的芒什么时候短或者膝曲长时间，顺利的柱子，通常成熟时扭曲，粗糙的硬毛；内稃缺席或者很小。

Spikelets with 1 floret, mostly laterally compressed, rachilla extension absent, falling entire; glumes absent or reduced to small scales at base of floret; lemma membranous to leathery, keeled, 5–10-veined, entire, with or without a straight awn from the apex; palea resembling lemma but narrower, 3–7-veined with central keel.

小穗具1小花，多数侧面压扁，小穗轴扩展无，变为全缘；颖片小花的无的或退化至小鳞片在基部；外稃膜的到革质，翻转，5-10脉，整个，有或没有来自顶的一直的芒；内稃象外稃但是狭窄，3-7脉与中心的龙骨一起。

Spikelets 2-flowered, florets dissimilar, the lower bisexual, the upper female, separated by a slender rachilla internode; glumes persistent, subequal, shorter than the spikelet, 1–7-veined, broadly obtuse; lemmas both membranous, veinless or obscurely veined, glabrous or pubescent, obtuse, the upper a little shorter than the lower; palea similar to lemma.

小穗2花，不同的小花，两性的下部，上面雌性，被一纤细的小穗轴节间分开；颖片宿存，近等长，短于小穗，1-7脉，宽钝；外稃两膜质，无脉或不明显，无毛或被短柔毛，钝，这上面小短于低的；内稃类似于外稃。

Spikelets large, wedge-shaped, laterally compressed, florets several, rachilla disarticulating above glumes and between florets; glumes subequal, as long as spikelet, membranous or papery,(1–)3–9-veined; floret callus short, obtuse; lemmas herbaceous or papery, 7–9-veined, pilose on margins or all over, apex 2-lobed, lobes acute or extended into slender awns; central awn arising from sinus, flat, column short, strongly twisted, bristle straight or sparsely twisted; palea equal to or shorter than its lemma.

大，楔形的小穗，侧面压扁，小花数个，高于颖片脱节和在小花之间的小穗轴；颖片近等长，倍于小穗，膜质或纸质，(1-)3-9－脉；小花结茧短，愚蠢；外稃草质或纸质，7-9－脉，在边缘或全部上具柔毛越过，2裂的先端，裂片锐尖或延长进纤细；中心的芒生于凹缺，平，柱状的短，强烈扭曲，疏生缠绕的刚毛直的或；内稃等于或者短于它的外稃。

Spikelets laterally compressed, with 2 to several florets, disarticulating above glumes and between florets; rachilla villous; glumes longer than lowest lemma, sometimes as long as spikelet, narrow, membranous, 1-veined; floret callus linear, hairy; lemmas lanceolate to ovate, hyaline, 3–7-veined, villous on back, entire or 2-dentate, awnless or with a terminal awn; palea glabrous or sometimes pilose; female plants with sterile anthers present.

小穗侧面压扁，具到数枚小花，脱节上述颖片和在之间小花；小穗轴具长柔毛；颖片长于最低的外稃，有时倍于小穗，狭窄，膜质，1脉；小花结茧线，有毛；外稃披针形到卵形，透明，3-7－脉，具长柔毛在背面，具牙齿的全缘或2上，或具顶生芒；无毛和有时具柔毛的内稃；雌株具不育花药宿存。

Spikelets dorsally compressed, florets 1 or 2, disarticulating above glumes and between florets, rachilla extension with apical rudimentary floret present; lower glume minute or suppressed; upper glume leathery, appressed to rachis, exceeding and covering the sunken florets, closely 5–12-veined, apex acute to caudately awned; lemma much shorter than upper glume, rounded on back, cartilaginous to hyaline, 3-veined, apex obtuse to acute; palea membranous, usually equal to lemma.

背小穗压扁，小花1或2，脱节高于颖片和在小花，小穗轴扩展具顶端不发育之间宿存；压抑的更低的颖片小或；上面颖片革质，贴伏于轴，超过和包括沉没的小花，接近5-12脉，对具芒caudately先端锐尖；外稃远短于上面颖片，在后面，对透明，3脉，先端钝的到锐尖软骨上绕行；内稃膜，通常等于外稃。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷