小腿

Intelligent artificial leg consists of knuckle, an executive mechanism, an anklebone, a foot and an intelligent controller. The executive mechanism controls the bent and stretchs movement of knuckle and the pendular movement of calf. The key components of the intelligent artificial leg are the executive mechanism and the intelligent controller.

智能人工腿主要由膝关节、控制膝关节屈伸运动及小腿摆动的执行机构、踝关节、脚以及智能控制器等组成，其最关键部件是控制膝关节屈伸运动及小腿摆动的执行机构和智能控制器。

The biggest area was 18cm×13cm,and the smallest was 4.5cm×10cm.there were 6 cases osteomyelitis with bone exposure,4 cases muscle tendonexposure.donor-area direct suture or plant skin.resultsall flaps survived,several cases flap were fat and clumsy and need make them thin in second intention.conclusionthe clinical result of repairing soft tissue defects in lower part of shank, the foot, with antidromic island flap providing blood supply by suralis nerver is reliable.the operation is sinple, without sacrifice of major arteries, low infection to foot, convenient for application.

其中骨髓炎骨外露6例，肌腱外露4例。供区直接缝合或植中厚皮片。结果：术后皮瓣完全成活，个别病例术后较臃肿，待二期将皮瓣修薄。结论：应用腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复小腿中下段及足部创面的临床效果可靠，手术操作简便，不牺牲小腿主要血管神经，对足部影响较小，便于推广开展。

The research results indicate that the importances vary with these physical appearance indexes, and the modle point out our exellent athletes some characteristics as follow: long legs, comparative longer perimeter of thigh and leg, strong body, and narrow hipbone,etc..

结果表明：反映身体形态的各指标具有不同的重要程度，其中小腿加足高和小腿长的权重最大；克托莱指数和下肢长次之，髂前上棘宽的权重最小；反映下肢围度的大腿围和小腿围居中。

It is a convenient,simple and reliable method to repair soft tissue defects in cnemis,ankle and foot with reversed sural posterior fasciocutaneous island flaps,without sacrifice of major arteries,high survival rate and beautiful outlook form of skin flaps.

小腿后侧逆行筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣成活率高，取材方便，操作简单，外形美观，不牺牲小腿主干血管，是修复小腿和足踝部软组织缺损的理想皮瓣。

Objective To discuss the clinical effect of repairing soft tissue defects in cnemis,ankle and foot with reversed sural posterior fasciocutaneous island flaps. Methods 14 cases of soft tissue defects in cnemis,ankles and feet were repaired with reversed sural posterior fasciocutaneous island flaps. The sizes of the flap ranged from 7cm×5cm to 15cm×10cm.

目的 小腿后侧逆行筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣移植修复小腿和足踝部软组织缺损的临床效果方法对14例小腿和足踝部骨关节、肌腱及内固定物外露的患者行小腿后侧逆行筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣局部转移修复术，皮瓣面积最 15cm×10cm，最小7cm×5cm。

The results showed that the perimeter of leg significantly decreased (P.05), further decreased (P.01) in a HDT time-dependent manner compared with pre-HDT; in limb muscular group, the perimeter of leg decreased significantly (P.01) during from the HDT 18th day to the 30th day compared with pre-HDT; in bicycle ergometric group, the perimeter of leg decreased significantly (P.01) during from the HDT 22nd day to the 30th day ; in the HDT 10th day, the perimeter of leg in bicycle ergometric group increased significantly (P.05) as compared to that of control group; in the HDT 18th day, the perimeter of leg in limb muscular and bicycle ergometric group increased significantly (P.05) compared with control group.

结果发现，与卧床前相比，对照组小腿围径在卧床第1d显著减小(P.05)，随卧床时间延长进一步显著减小(P.01)；下肢肌力训练组在卧床后期(18～30 d)以及起床后的小腿围径显著减小(P.01)；自行车功量计训练组在卧床第22～30 d及起床后显著减小(P.01)；卧床第10 d自行车功量计训练组的小腿围径显著大于对照组(P.05)，第18 d下肢肌力训练组和自行车功量计训练组的小腿围径均显著大于对照组(P.05)。

"A combination of D-dimer and calf circumference provides an easy and effective means of excluding DVT in patients suspected of having proximal DVT," the authors write."A combination of D-dimer less than 0.5 ng/mL and calf circumference of 2 cm or less reliably excludes DVT in the acute setting and allows for use of DU in a nonemergent setting. Patients with a positive D-dimer or calf circumference of more than 2 cm require emergent DU to exclude DVT."

同时检验D-dimer与小腿的肿胀情形，能让我们简单有效地在疑似罹患近端深部静脉血栓患者中先行过滤；若D-dimer小於0.5 ng/mL，同时小腿肿胀达2公分，仍无法分辨者，可尝试安排都卜勒超音波检查来做诊断确认；一旦D-dimer 呈阳性反应，或小腿肿胀超过2公分以上者，便需要进行紧急的都卜勒超音波检查，才能确认诊断是否罹患深部静脉血栓。

"A combination of D-dimer and calf circumference provides an easy and effective means of excluding DVT in patients suspected of having proximal DVT," the authors write."A combination of D-dimer less than 0.5 ng/mL and calf circumference of 2 cm or less reliably excludes DVT in the acute setting and allows for use of DU in a nonemergent setting. Patients with a positive D-dimer or calf circumference of more than 2 cm require emergent DU to exclude DVT."

同时检验D-dimer与小腿的肿胀情形，能让我们简单有效地在疑似罹患近端深部静脉血栓患者中先行过滤；若D-dimer小于0.5 ng/mL，同时小腿肿胀达2公分，仍无法分辨者，可尝试安排都卜勒超音波检查来做诊断确认；一旦D-dimer 呈阳性反应，或小腿肿胀超过2公分以上者，便需要进行紧急的都卜勒超音波检查，才能确认诊断是否罹患深部静脉血栓。

Methods The Prothese Tibiale Kept crus prostheses with EVA soft socket sail silicone socket were made and dressed by one patient who was familiar to dress crus prothesis. The gait analysis was performed with infrared ray imaging.

制作带聚乙烯基内衬套的PTK小腿假肢和带锁硅胶衬套小腿假肢，由一位熟练使用小腿假肢的患者穿戴，使用红外线摄像仪进行步态分析测试，采集一个标准步态周期数据进行数据分析。

Methods Fifteen rabbits were divided into three groups: group A (posterior limbs was completely cut off and posterior tibia artery was ligated with posterior tibia vein), group B (posterior limb was uncompletely cut off and posterior tibia artery was ligated with posterior tibia vein), group C posterior limb was completely cut off and traditional operation type was applied to ligate the posterior tibia artery with posterior tibia artery (control group.

用15只兔分3组：A组为完全离断小腿胫后动脉缝接胫后静脉组，B组为部分离断小腿胫后动脉缝接胫后静脉组，C组为完全离断小腿应用传统的胫后动脉缝接胫后动脉对照组，3组均结扎胫前动脉，保留胫前静脉等未动脉化的静脉及缝接其它离断软组织。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了