小纤维间的

The main object of this research is to investigate synthesis of Cu23Cl Cu and CuO nanoparticles through electrospinning and heat-treated method The research is mainly focused on preparative parameter and the change of heat-treated temperature to form the nanoparticles inlaid in silicon fibers the shape and color change are dicussed First of all to prepare the Polyvinyl butyral and silica dioxide complex nanofiber by electrospinning and then to investigate different heat-treated temperature and reactive time to being an influence on the products The results detected by SEM XRD TEM EDS FTIR combined sol-gel process and electrospinning can prepare Polyvinyl butyral and silica complex nanofiber The experimental result is found when heat-treated temperature is 100~4750C it can produce Cu23Cl nanoparticles; Above 4750C~ 4900C it can produce Cu nanoparticles; Above 450~7000C it can produce CuO nanoparticles And the viscosity is lain between 20~40cp and the sol-gel process time is 3hr it can produce the thinner fibers The average diameter of the fibers are 107 88±21 01nm;Due to the nanoparticles inlaid in the silica fibers the thinner fibers can be inlaid the smaller nanoparticles so this is the result that the experiment is expected To calcine the complex fibers is to produce surface silica fibers contain Cu23Cl Cu and CuO nanoparticles due to surface plasma resonance it make the color of the fibers become yellowish green from light white green turn into the red nuclear finally As the experimental result to utilize sol-gel process combine electrospinning can produce porous silica fibers contain Cu23Cl Cu and CuO nanoparticles

本研究旨在探讨「利用放电纺丝和热处理法来合成Cu23Cl、Cu和CuO奈米粒」之研究，实验著重在制备参数与热处理温度变化对所形成的奈米粒镶嵌在二氧化矽纤维中的形态与颜色变化探讨。首先，利用放电纺丝法制备出聚乙烯醇缩丁醛及二氧化矽之奈米纤维，比较不同的热处理温度与反应时间的改变对产物生成产生影响，进而研究不同热处理温度和时间对生成奈米粒的影响。产物经由SEM、XRD、TEM、EDS和FTIR等仪器分析结果显示，结合溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel process)和放电纺丝法可产生聚乙烯醇缩丁醛及二氧化矽复合奈米纤维。实验结果发现，若热处理温度在100~4750C下可得到Cu23Cl奈米粒，475~4900C 可得Cu奈米粒，450~7000C以上可得 CuO奈米粒。而黏度介於20~40cp间和溶胶-凝胶时间为3hr时，可产生直径比较细的纤维，纤维直径为107 88±21 01nm；且由於奈米金属颗粒镶嵌在二氧化矽纤维中，直径比较细的纤维，可以得到比较小的奈米金属颗粒，这与实验预期相符。而锻烧此复合物产生多孔的二氧化矽纤维并包含Cu23Cl、Cu和CuO奈米微粒时，由於表面电浆子共震关系，而使纤维颜色由淡白黄绿色变成黄绿色，再变红褐色。由实验结果得知，利用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel process)结合放电纺丝法和不同热处理温度，可产生Cu23Cl、Cu和CuO奈米粒镶嵌在二氧化矽纤维。

Ratios of SI vs interstitial fibrosis thus showed disproportionally milder interstitial lesions vs glomerular lesions in β6-/- vs WT.

SI与间质纤维化的比值显示β6-／-组小球／小管病变较WT组更加不对称。

This study investigated the mechanisms that induce EMT and the significance of extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade in this course in vitro.

本文旨在研究酸性成纤维细胞因子对上皮-间质转分化的影响，探讨有丝分裂原激动蛋白激酶的ERK信号传导途径在此过程中的作用，为肾小管-间质纤维化的防治提供理论依据。

Cases healthy subjects served as control. In addition, density of glomerular matrix membrane and quantity of cell in glomeruli were measured with CMIAS image analysis system by computer. Global sclerosis, cellular crescents, fiber or fibrocellular crescents were measured with Memphis scope. Tubulointerstitial lesions were examined with semi-quantitative grades (including O-III grades).Results Compared to normal control, there was a significant increase of urinary TGF-betaK IL-6 and Col-lV levels in patients with IgAN (p. 01). There were also significantly positive correlation between the levels of urinary TGF-betaK Col-IV and density of glomerular matrix membrane ., interstitial fibrosisp.

采用酶联免疫吸附法测定尿TGF-β1(Transforming growth factor-β1)、尿IL-6(interleukin-6)和尿Col-Ⅳ(type Ⅳ Collagen)；采用免疫组织化学法检测肾组织TGF-β1、Col-Ⅳ表达；应用CMIAS多功能真彩色病理图像分析系统对肾小球基质基底膜面密度和细胞个数进行半定量测定；对球性硬化、节段硬化、细胞新月体及纤维或纤维细胞新月体所占肾小球百分数和肾小球IgA沉积免疫荧光强弱的判断采用Memphis法进行评分；肾小管间质病变程度采用光镜下半定量分级法(包括0-Ⅲ级)。

Theurinary IL-6 level positively correlated with density of glomerular matrix membrane, global sclerosis, fiber or fibrocellular crescents and interstitial fibrosis (p. 05). According to the degree of density of glomerular matrix membrane and interstitial fibrosis, urinary Col-IV level had better correlation than urinary TGF-betal and IL-6 levels.In IgAN, Col-IV showed increased expression in diseased renal tissue whereas the site of expression of TGF-betal was mainly localized within the cytoplasm of tubular epithelial cells. Interstial expressionwas also present but glomerular TGF-betal expression was found only in patients with heavy mesangial proliferation. There was a significant correlation between glomerular positivity for Col-IV and severity of histological damage. There was also a significant correlation between positivity for TGF-betal and Col-IV in the tubular epithelial and interstitial lesions. In contrast, there was no ralationship between glomerular positivity for TGF-betal and severity of histological damage.The urinary TGF-betal level paralleled tubular TGF-betal expression.

结果 ①IgAN患者尿TGF-β1、IL-6、Col-Ⅳ水平较健康人明显增高(P＜0.01)，该变化与血中的浓度无关(P＞0.05)；②尿TGF-β1水平与小管间质TGF-β1阳性表达呈正相关(P=0.000)，而与小球TGF-β1阳性表达无关(P＞0.05)，尿Col-Ⅳ水平与小球和小管间质Col-Ⅳ阳性表达均呈良好的相关性(P＜0.01)，还与小管间质TGF-β1阳性表达呈正相关(P＜0.05)：③小球Col-Ⅳ阳性表达与肾组织慢性病变密切相关(P＜0.05)，小管间质Col-Ⅳ和TGF-β1阳性表达均与肾小管间质病变呈良好的相关性(P＜0.01)，而小球TGF-β1阳性表达与肾组织损伤无关(P＞0.05)；④尿TGF-β1、Col-Ⅳ水平与肾小球基质基底膜面密度、小管间质病变呈正相关(P＜0.01)，与小球内细胞数呈负相关(P＜0.05)，该结果与其在组织中的表达一致；尿IL-6水平浙江大学硕士学位论文尿TGF一B一、IL一6和Col一IV在IgA肾病中的应用价值与基质基底膜面密度、球性硬化、纤维或细胞纤维新月体所占肾小球百分数及小管间质病变均有显著的相关性(F.05)；在轻度肾病理损伤时，尿'l'G卜pl、I卜6、Col一IV水平即升高，而尿Col一W在反映细胞外基质积聚和间质纤维化程度上比尿TGF一pl和IL一6有更好的相关性。

Intrarenal CRP level but not serum CRP is closely associated with TIF in chronic CsA nephrotoxicity.

本研究通过检测大鼠血CRP水平，探讨了其与慢性CsA肾毒性肾小管间质纤维化间的关系。

BSA can induce ACE up-regulation in proximal tubular cells, which may lead to the increased production of local AngⅡ and finally contributes to the intrarenal activation of renin angiotensin system.

BSA可显著增加HK-2细胞ACE表达，此作用可能是导致肾间质局部AngⅡ蓄积从而启动肾小管间质纤维化的重要机制之一。

Objective: To explore the effect and happening mechanism of hdrochloric acid kukoline for the treatment of renal interstitial fibrosis,to supply some according for clinic how to resist glomeruli and nephric tubule interstitial fibrosis.

目的：探讨盐酸青藤碱在治疗肾间质性纤维化中的作用及其发生机制，为临床如何阻止、防止肾小球和肾小管间质纤维硬化提供借鉴。

A lot of organelles such as mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticula and Golgi bodies were observed in fiber cell. Then, double karyotheca disappeared, and the organelles disintegrated. Multivesicular bodies appeared in fiber cytoplasm. With the further development of fiber, fiber wall underwent continual thickening with aging, and polylaminate structure gradually appeared. While the agglutinated nucleus, transfer vesicles, plasma membrane and plasmodesmata still presented.

研究发现，次生壁形成早期，细胞核具有双层核膜，染色质凝聚，可见大量的线粒体、粗面内质网和高尔基体等细胞器存在于纤维细胞中；随后，双层核膜消失，细胞器将逐渐解体，多泡体开始出现在纤维细胞的细胞质；随着年龄的增加，纤维细胞壁逐渐增厚，并出现多层结构现象，而运输小泡、细胞膜、胞间连丝和凝聚的染色质将持续存在。

Results: Tubulointerstitial damage index, tubulointerstitial fibro- sis index, and expression of TGF-β1 in group U were significantly higher than those in group S (P.01). These indexes were obviously lower in group A than those in group U (P.05). TDI and TFI positively correlated with expression of TGF-β1 respectively.

结果：U组肾小管间质损伤指数及肾间质纤维化指数均明显高于S组(P.01)；U组TGF-β1的表达均明显高于S组(P.01)；A组的上述各指标分别较U组降低(P.05)；TDI、TFI分别与TGF-β1的表达呈正相关。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。