小簇

After two-cluster testing,branch length testing and relative rate testing ,two sequences(Melantitta nigra and Aythya americana) of 15 Cty b sequences were deleted because thek evolutionary rate were heterogeneous. The divergence between Anseriformes and Galliformes was chosen as an anchor point. Nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of 13 sequences data set was used to calibrated Anatidae molecular clocks. The results indicated that amino acid sequence is better than nucleotide sequence when divergence time is calculated with two kinds of sequences. The reliable divergence time of Anatidae were estimated with """"1+2TiTv"""" model.

经过二簇检验、分枝长度检验和相对速率检验，删除2条速率不恒定的序列后，用剩余的13条序列，以鸡形目与雁形目的分歧时间(89.8MYA)为锚定点，用顺序标定法标定鸭科鸟类分子钟的分析结果表明，用&1+2TiTv&分析得到的鸭科鸟类的分歧时间比较可靠；氨基酸序列用泊松校正模型和Γ模型估计的分类单元间的分歧时间则比较一致，表明氨基酸序列更适合用于鸭科鸟类分子钟的研究；用同一基因标定分子钟时，较长序列得到的结果标准误比较小；与核苷酸序列相比，氨基酸序列更适于用作分子钟的标定。

Small aquatic plant having tufted awl-shaped leaves in a basal rosette and minute white flowers; circumboreal.

一种十字花科的小的水生植物，具有簇生的锥状叶和微小的白花；遍及北部地区。

Leaves simple, alternate, sometimes fascicled on short branchlets, conduplicate when young; petiole usually with 2 nectaries or sometimes nectaries at base of leaf blade margin; leaf blade margin often serrate.

有托叶。单叶，交替，有时由短开出的簇生小枝，幼时；叶柄通常具2蜜腺或有时蜜腺在基部的叶片边缘；叶片边缘通常有锯齿。

The RT-PCR product was inserted into pTG19-T vector and transformed into E. coli successfully. By blastn, the sequence results of Kunming mus musculus were in complete accordance with the conservative sequence of Genbank NR_003278 (791bp-1153bp). By Blastn in NCBI, the sequence with little difference among animals was confirmed to be conservative. After Blastn, fourteen complete CDS coding for different animals were chosen. According to VECTOR NIT 9.0 software, the similarities between Kunming mus musculus and bos taurus, homo sapiens, erinaceus europaeus, cricetulus griseus, sus scrofa, dasypus novemcinctus, rattus norvegicus, rabbit, equus caballus, macaca fascicularis, didelphis virginiana, monodelphis domestica and vombatus ursinus was 67%, 100%, 100%, 36%, 100%, 100%, 67%, 100%, 100%, 92%, 99%, 99% and 99%. In the phylogenetic tress constructed with the forteen 18S rRNA by Treeview, the Kunming mus musculus clustered with cricetulus griseus, sus scrofa and rabbit, which was nearer to cricetulus griseus and was most far away from macaca fascicularis.(3) After sencodary structure analyses of 18S rRNA of mus musculus, an oligonucleotide fragment for RNAi was designed and synthesized, which was transformed into plasmid, and restriction enzyme analyses and sequencing results should the expression plasmid pGPH1/ GFP/Neo-mouse-sh 18S rRNA were constructed for RNAi successfully.

结果①通过RT-PCR检测显示18S rRNA基因在小鼠卵巢组织和单个GV期、MⅠ期卵母细胞中均有表达，且在未成熟卵母细胞中，MⅠ期的表达明显强于GV期的表达；②RT-PCR产物克隆测序结果显示：昆明小鼠18S rRNA基因保守区序列与基因库序列[NR_003278保守区部分(791bp～1153bp)]完全一致；Blastn比对结果发现：在不同物种中差异较小，选出14种生物18S rRNA全序列经VECTOR NIT 9.0软件分析，提示昆明小鼠18SrRNA与牛、人类、刺猬、中国仓鼠、猪、犰狳、褐鼠、兔子、马、食蟹猴、负鼠、短尾猊、袋熊的18S rRNA的相似率依次为67%，100%，100%，36%，100%，100%，67%，100%，100%，92%，99%，99%，99%；Clustal 1.81和Treeview构建出的分子进化树表明：在上述14种生物中昆明小鼠与中国仓鼠进化关系最近，与兔子、猪聚成一簇，与食蟹猴进化关系最远；③根据18S rRNA二级结构设计并合成RNA干扰寡核苷酸片段，重组质粒经过限制性内切酶及测序表明成功构建了pGPH1/GFP/Neo-mouse-sh 18S rRNA干扰表达质粒。

Flowers small, 2 to many fascicled and axillary, pedicellate or sessile.

灌木或乔木叶互生无托叶花小，2到多数簇生和腋生，有花梗或无梗。

Herbs small, with annual pseudostems from erect, reduced rhizome; roots fascicled, tuberous, fusiform.

小草本，一年生假茎从直立，退化根状茎发出；根簇生，块茎状，纺锤形。

Any of several weedy or ornamental plants of the genus Galium, having whorled leaves, clusters of small white or yellow flowers, and prickly stems.

猪殃殃一种草本或装饰性植物猪殃殃属，有环生叶、簇状白色或黄色小花和带刺的茎

Type genus of the Gnetaceae; small trees or shrubs usually with climbing jointed stems and terminal spikes of flowers with orange-red seeds clustered in rough cones.

买麻藤科的模式属；小的树木或灌木丛，具有攀缘结生的茎，其花穗的顶端长有簇成球状的橘红色的种子。

Any of various aquatic or wetland herbs of the genus Scirpus,having grasslike leaves and usually clusters of small,often brown spikelets.

草属植物长在水里或沼泽地里的？草属草本植物，有玻璃状的叶子和成簇的，常是褐色的小穗状花序

Vulgaris, of southern Europe, having small, white to lilac flowers grouped in headlike clusters.

百里香亚欧大陆的百里香属几种有香味的草木和低矮灌木，尤指生长在欧洲南部的开有成簇呈头状的白色或淡紫色小花的普通百里香

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。