小穗轴

Spikelets with 1 floret (very rarely 2), rachilla disarticulating above glumes, with penicillate extension lying against the palea; glumes subequal, usually slightly longer than the floret, rarely slightly shorter, membranous, 1–3-veined, apex acute or acuminate; floret callus bearded, hairs usually 1/3 as long up to about equaling floret; lemma thinly to firmly membranous,(3–)5-veined, dorsally awned or awnless, apex erose, denticulate or 2–4-toothed; awn geniculate or straight, its position varying from near base to near apex, usually inconspicuous, up to twice length of lemma but occasionally reduced to a subapical mucro or absent; palea 2/3 as long to subequaling lemma.

小穗具1小花(极少2)，高于颖片，具具毛撮的扩展对内稃躺脱节的小穗轴；通常，近等长的颖片稍长于那些小花，很少稍短，膜质，脉，先端锐尖或渐尖；作为长的可达的通常的公然反对的小花结茧，头发1/3大约等于小花；稀疏外稃到坚定膜，(3-)5－脉，背具芒或者啮蚀状的顶，或者2-4齿状的具小齿，awnless；芒膝曲或者直，作为近相等外稃的长时期的内稃2/3。

Spikelets all alike, somewhat laterally compressed, with 1 to several fertile florets; rachilla usually disarticulating below each floret, occasionally strictly 3 florets with lower 2 staminate or barren and of different appearance from upper fertile floret, then disarticulating above glumes and florets falling together; glumes persistent, often equal to spikelet or at least longer than first floret, commonly membranous with broad, shining, hyaline margins; floret callus bearded; lemmas hyaline to leathery, 3- to several-veined ( Coleanthus 1-veined), apex entire or denticulate, awned from back, rarely awnless; awn usually geniculate with twisted column; palea hyaline, subequaling or much shorter than lemma.

全部一样的小穗，有点侧面压扁，具1到数个能育的小花；脱节的通常小穗轴在下面每小花，偶尔严格加雄蕊或者无意义的更低的2的3小花和上面肥沃小花的不同外表，然后脱节的上述颖片和小花结合起来；宿存的颖片，等于小穗或长于前小花，宽的膜质具，发亮，透明边缘的通常的至少的通常；公然反对的小花结茧；透明的外稃到革质，3-到数枚脉(Coleanthus 1脉)，先端全缘或具小齿，从背面，很少awnless那里具芒；用盘旋的柱子通常膝曲的芒；透明的内稃，近相等或者远短于外稃。

Spikelets laterally compressed, florets 1 to several, loosely spaced, rachilla slender, disarticulating above glumes and between florets, rachilla internodes pubescent at apex; glumes membranous, very unequal with the lower shorter, 1–5(–7)-veined; lemmas narrowly lanceolate to ovate, 3–5(–7)-veined, keeled, usually pubescent near margins, apex narrow, bidenticulate or rarely entire, acute, mucronate or shortly awned; palea keels glabrous or ciliolate.

小穗侧面压扁，小花1到数个，松弛隔开，纤细，脱节的小穗轴高于和在小花，小穗轴节间短柔毛在先端之间；颖片膜质，极不等具这更下部的短，(-7)脉；外稃狭披针形的到卵形，内稃龙骨无毛或者具短缘毛。

Spikelets oblong to gaping, shining, laterally compressed, florets 2–3(–5), disarticulating below each floret; rachilla pilose, extended beyond uppermost floret; glumes lanceolate to oblong, subequal,± equaling spikelet, membranous, shining, keeled, lower glume 1-veined, upper glume 1–3-veined; floret callus small, pubescent to conspicuously bearded; lemmas lanceolate to oblong, hyaline to shiny cartilaginous, back rounded, finely 4-veined (5th midvein extended into awn), glabrous, awned from near base or in lower half, apex membranous, broad, 4-toothed or denticulately truncate; awn straight or weakly geniculate, usually not exserted from spikelet; palea hyaline, subequal to lemma.

小穗长圆形为了张口，发亮，侧面压扁，小花2-3(-5)，在每小花下面脱节；小穗轴具柔毛，在最重要的小花以外延长；披针形的颖片到长圆形，近等长，多少等长，膜质，发亮，龙骨状，下部颖片1脉，上面颖片1-3－脉；小花结茧小，青春期对显著公然反对；外稃披针形的到长圆形，对发亮软骨透明，背面圆形，好4脉(中脉第5 延伸进芒)，从小穗直或者身体虚弱膝曲，通常不外露的芒；透明的内稃，近等长于外稃。

Spikelets with 1 floret, small, often gaping, without rachilla extension; rachilla disarticulating above glumes; glumes persistent, longer than floret, subequal or lower a little longer, membranous, 1-veined, apex subacute to acuminate; floret callus glabrous or shortly pilose; lemma oblong to elliptic, thinner than glumes, often hyaline, 5-veined, rounded on back, glabrous or hairy, lateral veins sometimes excurrent, awnless or awned from back, apex truncate or toothed; awn usually geniculate, sometimes weakly so or straight when short; palea shorter than lemma, sometimes very small.

小穗具1小花，小，张口的通常，没有小穗轴扩展；高于颖片脱节的小穗轴；宿存的颖片，长于小花，下部的近等长的或稍长些，膜质，1脉，先端近尖的到渐尖；无毛的小花结茧或者具短柔毛；外稃长方形到椭圆形，比颖片瘦，经常透明，5脉，通常膝曲，有时身体虚弱的芒或者直接，缺乏；内稃短于外稃，有时很小。

Spikelets with 1 floret; rachilla disarticulating above glumes, extension beyond floret absent or small and glabrous, rarely better developed and penicillate; glumes persistent, subequal or unequal with lower longer, narrowly lanceolate, much exceeding floret, lower glume 1-veined, upper glume 3-veined at base, apex finely acuminate or subulate; floret callus conspicuously bearded, hairs much exceeding floret; lemma ca. 1/2 as long as glumes, hyaline, 3–5-veined, awned, apex erose, denticulate or deeply 2-lobed; awn very slender, straight or almost so, arising from lemma back, apex or between teeth; palea 1/2 as long to slightly shorter than lemma.

小穗具1小花；在缺席或者小和无毛小花以外高于颖片脱节的小穗轴，扩展，很少很好地发展，具毛撮；颖片宿存，近等长或不等长用低长时间，狭披针形，很多超过小花，小花结茧显著公然反对，头发很多超过小花；外稃大约1/2的倍于颖片，透明，3-5－脉，具芒，啮蚀状的顶，或者深深2裂的具小齿；返回的芒非常细长，直的或几乎如此，生于外稃，或者在牙齿之间的顶；作为稍短于外稃的长时期的内稃1/2。

Effect of protein and lipid in rice on starch physicochemical characteristics, difference between the region of non-chalkiness and chalkiness of rice, dynamic variation of cell structure and CaM distribution on rice spike were expounded in this study. It was found that protein and lipid in rice had important effect on starch gelatinization, there were distinct differences between the region of non-chalkiness and chalkiness of rice, vascular bundle system in rice spike was changed during grain filling, difference quality of different position of rice spike was more distinct in dense spike rice for more powerful vascular bundle system, the development of rice seeds was corresponded to pericarp development, difference quality of different position of rice spike was also related to transport function of rachilla besides activity of "source", and calmodulin relative activity was closely related to grain filling velocity and enginery properties.

通过实验发现：稻米中蛋白质、脂肪对淀粉的糊化过程有着较大的影响；精米的非垩白与垩白部位以及心白与腹白部位之间在蛋白质、氨基酸含量及组成方面存在着明显差异：水稻穗部大维管束面积以及主穗轴维管束数目在灌浆过程中存在明显的动态变化趋势；密穗型水稻强势粒的维管组织比散穗型水稻发达，致使其强、弱势粒维管组织差异明显加大；果皮的发育与籽粒发育状况是相适应的：强势粒和弱势粒在灌浆生理方面的差异，不仅表现在籽粒本身的&库活性&上，而且也与其着生小穗轴的输导功能有关；CaM相对活性与水稻灌浆速率、机能特征间存在着密切联系。

Copies of the T-DNA, suggesting that a total 65505 sites in rice genome were targeted. 3. Histochemical assay of different organs (leaf, leaf sheath, peduncle, stamens, rachilla, ovules, palea/lemma, root, etc.) revealed various patterns of the reporter gene expression, ranging from expression in only one tissue, in multiple tissues, and simultaneously in majority of the tissues.

组织化学检测不同组织/器官（叶、叶鞘、穗轴、雄蕊、小穗轴、子房、稃、根等）表明，不同Enhancer trap系中报告基因GUS呈不同的表达模式，有的只在一个组织中表达，有的在多个组织中表达，有的在所有组织中均表达。

Inflorescence a raceme with 2 or 3(–6) spikelets, rarely a panicle with many spikelets, peduncle, axis, branches, and pedicels slender, glabrous, scabrous or pubescent along longitudinal angles, branches usually subtended by a scaly bract at base. Spikelets ± compressed at maturity, several to many florets; rachilla disarticulating below fertile florets, extended beyond palea of uppermost floret, internodes flattened or concave on side facing floret.

花序为一总状花序具2或3(-6)小穗，一圆锥花序具很多小穗，花序梗，轴，分枝和花梗纤细，沿着纵向的有棱的无毛，粗糙的或短柔毛的很少，成熟时的小穗多少压扁，数枚到多数小花；在肥沃的小花下面脱节的小穗轴，在最重要的小花的内稃以外延长，在边面对小花上节间被变平或者凹。

Spikelets laterally compressed, lanceolate-oblong, florets several, contiguous; rachilla scaberulous, disarticulating above glumes and between florets; glumes slightly unequal, upper nearly as long as spikelet, firmly membranous, keel scaberulous, apex abruptly acuminate, lower glume 1–3-veined, upper glume 3–5-veined; lemmas broadly lanceolate, thinly leathery, rounded on back, 5–7-veined, veins smooth, not raised, scabrid above middle, apex scarious, usually 3-denticulate, sometimes mucronate; floret callus subacute, bearded laterally with stiff hairs; palea subequal to lemma, narrow, flat, apex sharply 2-denticulate.

小穗侧面压扁，披针形长圆形，小花数个，邻接；小穗轴高于颖片微糙，脱节和在小花之间；颖片稍不等长，上面近等长小穗，坚定膜质，龙骨状，先端突然渐尖，下部颖片1-3，上面颖片3-5－脉；宽披针形的外稃，在背面上薄革质，圆形，5-7－脉，平滑的脉，不凸起，在中部以上，先端，通常3－具小齿，小花结茧稍尖，用硬的头发侧面公然反对；内稃近等长于外稃，缩小，平，顶明显2－具小齿。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失