小种

And then, this paper presents an algorithm of computing the left inverse or right inverse for these special rectangle matrices. In thenormal algorithms for solving these problems, we need O(m2n) multiplications ordivisions. The algorithms in this paper only need O + O(n2) multiplications ordivisions. The paper is built as follows.

常规的计算m×n阶不相容线性方程组的极小范数最小二乘解的算法所需计算量为O(m~2n)，而本文根据特殊矩阵的特殊结构，通过两种不同的构造方式给出了两类不同的计算极小范数最小二乘解的快速算法，并给出了求特殊矩阵的左逆及右逆的快速算法，它们的计算量均为O+O(n~2)。

WHMM is a statistical model in wavelet domain of stochastic signals, which integrates wavelet transform into hidden markov models . According to the locality, multiscality of wavelet transform and context-sensitive property of HMM, WHMM can not only characterize precisely the local feature of object multiscally, but also reflect accurately the full structure information of object. So it is a powerful tool which deals with noise, shape similarity and part occlusion in ATR, and finds its full application in recognition system of moving vehicle.

小波隐马尔可夫模型是小波变换与隐马尔可夫模型相结合的一种小波域随机信号的统计模型，它有机地融合了小波变换的局部分析性、多尺度性和隐马尔可夫模型的上下文相关性，不仅能多尺度地精确刻画目标的局部特征，还能准确地反映目标的整体分布信息，从而成为解决目标识别中受噪声、形状相似、部分遮挡等问题的最有力的工具之一。

A quadrilateral distortion metric was proposed, which considered both of element minimal angle and warpage. An mesh smoothing approach of combining Laplacian method and μGA for quadrilateral mesh was presented, which could improve the mesh quality significantly without effect the algorithm's performance.

提出一种综合考虑单元最小角和翘曲的四边形网格质量评价标准，以该标准为优化目标，提出了一种以面积为权值的Laplacian方法与小种群遗传算法相结合的网格光顺方法，在兼顾计算效率的同时，可有效地优化网格形态质量。

The harmonic minor scale is the form of minor scale that generally serves the purposes of harmony rather than those of melody.

和声小音阶是小音阶的一种形式，通常起到协调作用，而非一种旋律。

Due to the long distance, the target may appear as a dim point and has no feature information like shapes and textures. Furthermore, aero-optic disturbances and air turbulence make the SNR of a single image very low in the real environments. All of above make the miss distance of the missile difficult to estimate in shooting range.

针对目前靶场所面临的测量目标小、距离远、目标与背景对比度小，不具有形状信息的实际问题，提出了一种基于多帧相关技术与波门选通技术相结合的快速目标识别与跟踪方法，特别探讨了多帧相关技术中目标确定的理论判据，并综合考虑目标的尺寸因素和目标的运动特征研究了一种新的波门设定方案。

The Chinese Muntjac's mitochondrial genome, consisting of 16354 base pairs which encode genes for 13 proteins, 2 rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs, is similar to those mammals in both order and orientation.The sequence of rRNA gene ,some of the protein-coding regions and tRNAs are highly homologous in mammals. Differences existing in the length and sequence of the D-loop regions account for the variations in mammals mitochondrial genomes.

与其他哺乳动物线粒体基因组全序列的比较研究发现：全长为16 354bp的小麂线粒体基因组同样编码13种蛋白质、2种rRNA和22种tRNA，除了用于调控线粒体DNA复制和转录的D-Loop区以外，小麂线粒体基因组各基因长度、位置与其他哺乳动物相似，其编码蛋白质区域和rRNA基因与其他哺乳动物具有很高的同源性。

Based on the traits of dyadic wavelet decomposition of signal and that of the distribution of wavelet image coefficients, PLVQ and ZR are conjoined by making use of D\-4 lattice. Firstly, Pyramidal lattice vector quantization is adopted to quantize wavelet image coefficients. Nonzero lattice vectors and zero lattice vectors are formed. Secondly, nonzero lattice vectors are dealt with by adopting complex entropy coding. Finally, in order to fix on the position of nonzero lattice vector effectively, that is, to deal with zero lattice vectors effectively, the concept of significant map is introduced into. The significant map is scanned two times from down to up and from up to down.

根据信号的二进小波分解特点和小波图象系数的分布特点，利用D\-4格将PLVQ和零树结合起来，提出了一种基于零树和金字塔格型矢量量化的小波图象编码方法，该方法首先采用金字塔格型矢量方法来量化小波图象系数，以得到非零格点和零格点；然后采用复合熵编码来处理非零格点；最后为了有效确定非零格点的位置，也就是为了有效地处理零格点，又引进了重要图的概念。

By the minimum risk Bayes decision theory, this paper develops a new way of image segmentation: establish the mathematics model of image segmentation; estimate the probability density of grey scales and figure out its math-expectation and square difference that accord with normal distribution and the loss function; and judge the every pixel dot in the image according to the minimum risk Bayes decision theory and determine whether it is of target or non-target images, thereby realizing the extraction of the target image.

依据最小风险贝叶斯决策理论，提出了一种基于最小风险贝叶斯决策的图像分割方法。首先建立图像分割的最小风险贝叶斯决策模型，对灰度级类条件概率密度估计出其符合正态分布的数学期望和方差以及损失函数，再依据最小风险贝叶斯决策理论对图像中的每一像素点进行目标图像和非目标图像的类别判断，从而实现目标图像的提取。

The choice of the best wavelet bases is one of the subjects attracting more attentions. This paper presents a new choosing method based on numerical analysis. Here the coding performance of wavelet bases is evaluated overall numerically by using several standards, which had been confirmed to be relating to image coding The best chosen wavelet bases fitting static images and video coding are respectively Daubechies's biorthogonal wavelet 9-7 and 5-3, which have been proved by coding experiments.

最佳小波基的选择是倍受关注的问题之一，本文提出一种新的基于数值分析的挑选方法，通过用几个已被证实是与图像编码密切相关的小波基评价标准对小波基的编码性能进行全面的数值评价，并经实际编码检验，选出了适宜静态与活动图像编码的最佳基分别为Daubechies双正交小波9-7与5-3。

To obtain quadratical convergence, however, strict complementarity condition at the Danskin point was used. The condition is too strict to be satisfied in many practical problems such as discrete semi-infinite minimax problem. Another kind of Newton method for finite minimax problems was presented by E. Polak and, without strict complementarity at the Danskin point, superlinear convergence (of order 3/2) was proven.

Polak等人提出了一种直接求解极大极小问题的二阶收敛的牛顿法，但是为获得二阶收敛速度要求在Danskin点处满足严格互补条件，这个条件太强，很多实际问题尤其是半无限极大极小问题的离散化不满足该条件；他们又给出另外一种牛顿法，在不假设严格互补条件成立的情况下，证明了它的超线性（3/2阶）收敛性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。