小神经

The adaptive learning of neural network can fulfill the minimum absolute deviation criteria, so this dissertation puts forward the algorithm that can be implemented by the neural network.

利用神经网络的自适应学习特性和在处理非线性问题时能够满足最小绝对偏差准则的性质，给出了该算法的神经网络实现方法。

Between P14 and P21,CIAPIN1 immunoreaction in the brain,heart and liverbecame much lower. However,between P21 and P28,CIAPIN1 immunoreactionin the heart,brain,liver and skeletal muscle became much lower,while with thekidney development,CIAPIN1 immunoreaction in the kidney became higher. Invarious tissues from adult mouse,CIAPIN1 immunoreaction could be seen incardiac muscle cell,brain,hepatocyte,epithelium of renal tubule,skeletal muscle,lung tissue,gastric mucosa and gland,acinus lienalis.2. Distribution of CIAPIN1 in normal fetal and adult human tissuesTo reveal the possible physiological role of CIAPIN1,we examined theexpression and distribution of CIAPIN1 in fetal and adult human tissues usingimmunohistochemistry. We found that CIAPIN1 was ubiquitously distributed infetal and adult tissues,and was localized in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus.

然而，在3个月大的成年鼠中，CIAPIN1阳性反应物在心、脑、肝和肾小管中的表达强度要低于P28小鼠；但CIAPIN1阳性反应物在成年鼠骨骼肌中较P28小鼠高。2、CIAPIN1蛋白在人5个月胚胎及成人多器官组织内的表达在人5月胚胎多器官组织中，CIAPIN1阳性反应物见于心脏、胆囊单层柱状上皮和粘膜、结肠粘膜、小肠粘膜和绒毛、肝脏、直肠腺体、胃粘膜、肾上腺束状带、甲状腺滤泡、脾索、胸腺小叶间隔、皮肤真皮层和汗腺、睾丸白膜和间质、脑组织内神经元和神经胶质、肺小支气管和肺泡、骨骼肌、肾脏皮髓质和肾小管、子宫内膜、胰腺腺泡和胰岛、卵巢、输卵管粘膜等绝大多数组织细胞。

objectiveto summarize the clinical effect of repairing soft tissue defects in lower part of shank, the foot, with antidromic island flap providing blood supply by suralis nerver.methodsfrom january to december 2006,there were 10 cases repairing soft tissue defects with antidromic island flap providing blood supply by suralis nerver, including 9 males and 1 females.

目的：初步总结腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣在修复小腿中下段及足部创面的临床效果。方法：2006年1月～12月，我科采用腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣共10例，皮瓣最大面积为18cm×13cm，最小为4.5cm×10cm；其中男9例，女1例。

Microglia play an important role in neuroimmunity by participating in the occurrence and development of various nervous system diseases.

小胶质细胞是神经免疫的重要组成部分，参与多种神经疾病的发生发展，也极有可能在干细胞修复神经损伤的过程中扮演重要的角色。

The brain appeared at the egg-nauplius stage Ⅱ and was composed of protocerebrum, deutocerebrum and tritocerebrum under microscope.

三疣梭子蟹胚胎期腹神经链由1对大颚、2对小颚和2对颚足所对应的神经节以及腹部神经链组成。

The protocerebrum was composed of lamina ganglionaris, lateral protocerebrum and medial protocerebrum at the egg-zoea stage Ⅱ, and olfactory lobe appeared and arranged beside the esophagus with deutocerebrum and tri...

光镜下大颚神经节可于第二期卵内无节幼体阶段观察到，2对小颚和2对颚足神经节则在第二期卵内状幼体阶段观察到；腹部神经链则在第三期卵内状幼体阶段观察到。

In this method, wavelet is used to extract fault characteristics and neural network is used to diagnose the faults; the inputs and outputs of the neural network are all memberships concretely, the inputs are the memberships of the crest factor, pulse factor, margin factor, bias factor, kurtosis factor and maximum spectrum on each characteristic domain, and the outputs are memberships of each fault.

即利用小波变换获取特征域，取特征域上的峰值因子、脉冲因子、裕度因子、偏态因子、峭度因子及频谱最大值作为神经网络的输入，并对神经网络的输入、输出进行模糊化处理，以神经网络进行诊断。

Histologically, the seminiferous tubules contained numerous Sertoli cells and more Sertoli-spermatozoa complexes, accompanied by the depletion of Leydig cells with deeply stained nuclei. Mature spermatozoa were stored up in the epididymis, but only a few in the efferent ducts. In the second place was testicular atrophy（32/120; 26.7%）. The seminiferous tubules showed moderate to severe inactivity of spermiogenesis with evidence of only spermatogonia, spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. The Leydig cells were obviously decreased in numbers associated with decrease of lipid droplets in their cytoplasms. Testicular hypoplasia was the third disorders（22/120; 18.3%）. Only a few spermatogonia and Sertoli cells appeared without any spermiogenesis. The associated changes was decreased in Leydig cells and fibrous hyperplasia in the interstitium.Epididymal stones were sometimes found（12/120; 10%）. Grossly, yellowish-white nodules with various sizes and firm in consistency were observed in the epididymis and the front efferent ducts. Microscopically, the epididymal ducts were dilated with voluminous spermatozoa storage, even showed calcification in severe cases. The deposited calcium salts were stained positively by Von Kossa and Alizarin red methods.Amyloidosis was also detected in 10 roosters（8.3%）. Eosinophilic, homogeneous, amyloid-like substances were deposited mainly in the testicular interstitium and the periphery of blood vessels. These substances showed positive reaction by Congo red staining. Five roosters（4.2%）had Marek's lesions in the testis, epididymis and peripheral nerves with infiltration of pleomorphic lymphocytes. Only one case showed epithelial necrosis of seminiferous tubules accompanied by fibrous proliferation in the interstitium.

结果发现，在总共搜集的120个病例中，其中因年老所导致的产精力不佳为最多，占38例（31.7%），於镜下可见大量精虫黏附於Sertoli cell的表面，并可见Sertoli cell数量明显增多而Leydig cell明显减少，且其细胞核呈现浓染的现象，而在其副睪中仍可见到成熟精虫蓄留於管腔中，但在其输精管内却只有少量精虫存在；其次为睪丸萎缩，占32例（26.7%），镜下可见中度至重度无造精作用，其生精小管中只见到精母细胞、精原细胞及Sertoli cell存在，但Leydig cell数量明显减少且其细胞质内的脂质也明显减少；睪丸发育不全，占22例（18.3%），於生精小管内只见到精母细胞及少量Sertoli cell存在，不见造精细胞分化，於生精小管间质可见Leydig cell减少并伴随结缔组织增生；副睪结石，占12例（10%），肉眼下可在副睪及输精管前段见到黄白色大小不一的结节，触感坚硬，於镜下可见副睪管扩张并有大量成熟精虫蓄积，严重时可见钙化现象，以Von Kossa及茜素红染色均呈阳性反应；类淀粉沉著症，占10例（8.3%），镜下在睪丸间质及血管周围可见粉红均质样的物质沉积，以刚果红染色成阳性反应；马立克病，占5例（4.2%），镜下可在睪丸、副睪实质及周边神经内均可见到嗜碱性大小不一的淋巴样细胞浸润；睪丸坏死，占1例（0.8%），镜下可见生精小管上皮细胞坏死脱落及间质结缔组织增生。

Results:The anterior bundle of the UCL starts from anterior inferior part of the medial condyle,and ends on the sublimis tubercle in front of the coronoid process of ulna,locating in the deep layer of the flexor carpal ulnar muscle.The distance between ulnar nerve and UCL is (0.9±0.1)cm in the center of cubital tunnel,and (0.6±0.3)cm in the distal foramen of cubital tunnel.The distance from the point of ulnar nerve entering the flexor carpi ulnar muscle to the medial epicondyle is (3.7±0.8)cm.The distance between the closest branch innervated flexor muscle of the median nerve and the approach is (1.6±0.5)cm at the level of medial epicondyle,and (0.9±0.4)cm at the level of ulnar tubercle.

结果：UCL前束起于肱骨内侧髁的前下方，止于尺骨冠突内侧的小结节，UCL前束位于尺侧腕屈肌肱头、尺头之间的深层；尺神经在肘管中部与尺侧副韧带前束的平均距离为(0.9±0.1)cm，在肘管的远侧出口，距尺侧副韧带的尺骨止点(0.6±0.3)cm；尺神经至尺侧腕屈肌尺头肌支的入肌点距肱骨内侧髁的距离为(3.7±0.8)cm；正中神经最靠近切口的分支距切口的距离，在肱骨内侧髁和尺骨结节水平分别为(1.6±0.5)cm和(0.9±0.4)cm。

Input-layer contains seven nerve cells (sailor average maritime experience、average shipping years、average standard wind days、average river velocity 、visibility、water depth and traffic density) and output-layer contains four nerve cells (great accident、large accident、common accident and small accident).The test that use the data of historical occurrence level of maritime accidents in ChongQing water area is done, the result shows the feasibility of the predictive model.

最后本文用VC++制作界面，基于MATLAB的神经网络工具箱建立了水上交通事故的BP神经网络预测系统，采取三层BP神经网络，输入层有7个输入神经元(船员平均水上资历、平均船龄、平均标准风天数、水域平均流速、能见度、水深和交通密度)，输出层有4个神经元(重大事故、大事故、一般事故和小事故)，并通过对长江干线重庆水域的预测来检验模型的效果。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。