小神经

Anatomical study proved:①.4~8 nutritional vessels of sural nerve –small saphenous vein were the intermuscular perforators of peroneal artery, the furthermost one located at(1.0±1.3)cm above the tip of external malleolus with diameter (0.6±0.2)mm;②.2~6 musculocutaneous perforators were given off by the artery of outer head of gastrocnemius muscle to supply nutrition to the sural nerve-small saphenous vein;③.intermuscular perforators from peroneal artery supplied blood to fibula and outer head of soleus muscle.the perforators with an average outer diameter of （1.3-1.6）cm gave off cutaneous branch ,fascial branch and nutritional vessels to the sural nerve-small saphenous vein,which formed the vessel chain of the sural nerve-small saphenous vein ,sub-fascial and suprafascial vessel net.

结果：1、解剖实验证实：①、腓肠神经-小隐静脉营养血管来自腓动脉肌间隔穿支4～8支，最远的跟外侧动脉穿支距外踝尖上(1.0±1.3)cm，外径(0.6±0.2)mm。②、腓肠肌外侧头动脉沿途发2-6支的肌皮穿支营养腓肠神经-小隐静脉。③、腓动脉肌间隔穿支营养腓骨、比目鱼肌外侧半。上述穿皮支平均外径在0.3～1.6mm，发出皮支、筋膜支、腓肠神经-小隐静脉营养血管，形成腓肠神经-小隐静脉血管链以及深、浅筋膜血管网。

First, the traffic flow time series chaotic feature is extracted by chaos theory. pretreatment for traffic flow time series, and the wavelet neural networks model was build by this. Second, the chaotic mechanism and the chaotic probability is described. Based on chaotic learning algorithm, and the wavelet neural networks fast learning algorithm of traffic flow time series is designed based on chaotic algorithm. Last, a single-step and multi-step prediction of traffic flow chaotic time series is researched by BP neural networks, wavelet neural networks and wavelet neural networks based on chaotic algorithm. The results showed that the wavelet neural networks predictive performance is better than the BP networks and the wavelet neural networks by the simulation results and root-mean-square value.

首先，通过混沌理论提取了交通流量时间序列的混沌特征，并在此基础上建立了小波神经网络交通流量时间序列模型；接着，阐述了混沌学习算法的混沌机理、混沌产生的概率，设计了基于混沌算法的小波神经网络交通流量混沌时间序列快速学习算法；最后利用交通流量混沌时间序列对BP网络、非混沌算法的小波神经网络以及基于混沌算法的小波神经网络进行了单步预测和多步预测，并对预测结果的仿真图和真实值与预测值的方均根进行了比较，结果表明基于混沌学习算法的小波神经网络的预测性能明显优于应用BP网络和非混沌算法的小波神经网络。

The uniform approximation of normal wavelet neural network and the robust analysis of wavelet neural networks of the combination of Sigmoid function are detailedly introduction; Multiple model failure detection based on wavelet neural network is demonstrated detailedly; At last, the failure diagnosis results of aerocraft is present seperately by employing wavelet neural network and BP neural network, and the fault diagnosis of areocraft system by wavelet neural network is achieved.

论文以小波神经网络为研究对象，提出了一类新的加权小波基，分析证明了加权小波基的诸多良好特性；对于常见小波神经网络的一致逼近特性、S型函数组合小波神经网络的鲁棒性分析、多模型小波神经网络的故障检测等问题给出了详细的论证；最后，针对歼击机的常见故障问题，分别给出了应用小波神经网络和BP神经网络的故障诊断结果，实现了小波神经网络对飞机系统的故障诊断。

This study was designed to investigate the effects of microglia condition medium on neurons during kainate-induced excitotoxicity.

本论文为了探讨kainate所引发的兴奋性毒性过程中，小神经胶细胞条件培养液对神经细胞的影响。

So far the role of microglia to neural cells is still undefined.

因此小神经胶细胞对神经细胞的作用角色至今尚无定论。

Using 11C--PK11195 positron emission tomography, we investigated microglial activation in HD presymptomatic gene carriers, its relationship with striatal neuronal dysfunction measured with 11C-raclopride PET, and the role of PK PET as a possible marker of subclinical disease progression in PGCs. Eleven HD PGCs underwent PK and RAC PET. Their results were compared with those of healthy controls.

利用11C--PK11195电子发射断层扫描，我们研究了HD的基因携带者症状发生前小神经胶质细胞的活化情况，它与纹状体的神经元的机能障碍的关系，以及PET可能作为PGCs亚临床症状进展的指标。11位HDPGCs接受了PK和RACPET检查，其结果与健康对照人群进行比较。

Of the above-mentioned immune molecules, microglia labelled with OX-42 or ED-1 were increased in their populations and staining intensity in LTA-treated rats than those in saline-treated ones. It is also true for OX-42 or ED-1 labelled macrophages in the meninges and the choroids plexuses.

结果显示，受OX-42和ED-1标志之小神经胶细胞在胼胝体处的细胞数量，与出生后七天对照组比较，其细胞数量有明显的增加，免疫染色深度也较深；脑膜及脉络丛内的巨噬胞也有类似的改变。

Using an in itro bioassay, we demonstrated that cytokine-actiated microglia release cytotoxins that kill retinal neurons.

应用体外生物测定技术，我们证明细胞因子活化的小神经胶质细胞释放杀死视网膜神经元的细胞毒素。

Minocycline represses diabetes-induced inflammatory cytokine production, reduces the release of cytotoxins from actiated microglia, and significantly reduces measurable caspase-3 actiity within the retina.

二甲胺四环素抑制糖尿病诱导的炎性细胞因子的产生，降低来自于活化的小神经胶质细胞的细胞因子的释放，同时显著降低视网膜内可检测的caspase-3的活性。

Furthermore, we provide evidence that the CD36 scavenger receptor and downstream kinases are involved in SYN-mediated microglial activation.

此外，CD36受体和下游的激酶参与SYN介导的小神经胶质的活化。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。