小生物

The first one focuses upon the fundamental theory and methods of system identification, including the basic concepts of system description and identification,review of matrix theory, stochastic process and pulse response of linear systems; the first principle models for lumped and distributed parameter systems; modeling of bioreactions; auto regressive moving average model; weighted least square and regressive weighted least square for parameter estimation of ARMA model; Runge-Kutta and Simplex methods; an example of BPNN application; as well as Kalman Filter.

第一部分包括知识驱动建模、数据驱动建模、参数估计和状态估计的基础理论和方法。具体为：(1)系统辨识和系统描述的基本概念，包括矩阵论、随机过程、线性系统的脉冲响应函数等基础知识回顾；(2)基于动态物料和能量衡算的集总参数、分布参数对象的知识驱动建模方法；(3)生物反应系统的建模方法；(4)自回归移动平均模型；(5) ARMAX模型参数的加权最小二乘参数估计一次性算法和递推算法，相应的统计性质；(6)龙格库塔法和单纯形法；BP神经网络应用实例；(7)卡尔曼滤波器，及其与加权最小二乘参数估计递推算法的对比。

Methods: DECB was dealed with heat , acid , alkali , roasting , organic solvent extracting , microorganism zymolysis , then the method of microrespiromete was used to detect/measure the respiratory activity respectively.

目的：研究小牛血清去蛋白提取物（deproteinated extract of calf blood，DECB）中生物活性物质的物理化学性质；方法：分别将小牛血清去蛋白提取物进行加热、加酸、加碱、烘烤、有机溶剂萃取、接种微生物发酵等方法处理，然后分别用微量呼吸检压法检测呼吸活性，结果：采用加热、加碱、加酸，接种微生物发酵的方法进行处理，DECB刺激呼吸活性的能力没有明显改变，而采用烘烤的方法处理，结果DECB的活性完全消失；用有机溶剂萃取DECB，可明显降低DECB刺激呼吸活性的能力，而有机相中含有了刺激呼吸活性物质。

Because divergence timing of the West Clade from the East Clade of S. japonica complex was estimated to be Aquitanian of Miocene (23 Ma), during which the mountains and plateau of Southwest China were formatted, the divergence of the West Clade from the East Clade of s. japonica complex was presumably correlated closely with the uplifting of mountains and plateau of Southwest China. The multiple variations of the West Clade of S.

西部集群居群间具有更大的遗传分化值和更大的遗传分化值变动范围，提示西部物理环境的复杂性导致更多的小区域隔离，小的基因流和更大的绝对成种速率，这与西部的物理环境的复杂性是相协调的，并且可能是造成西部山地高原地区生物多样性异常丰富的微观过程和机制。

The present study eatablished genechip technique for Ceratitis capitata, C. rosa and C. cosyra, in which the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase Ⅰ gene was used as molecular marker, and the DNA sequences of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) were used as target sequence. The genechip detection system for fruit flies was composed of detecting probes and quality-control probes for C.

本研究选择线粒体DNA细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ基因为分子标记基因，以双翅目实蝇科昆虫DNA序列为目标，建立了我国进境植物检疫害虫地中海实蝇Ceratitis capitata、芒果小条实蝇C.cosyra和纳塔尔小条实蝇C.rosa等生物芯片检测方法。

These vegetations appear in about 4% of SLE patients and rarely cause problems because they are not large and rarely embolize.

系统性红斑狼疮病人仅有4%出现，并且赘生物小不易脱落，因此对机体的影响较小。

Rhabditis sp. Is a kind of nematode frequently detected in the drinking water treated with the biological GAC process. The inactivation effect of chlorination on Rhabditis sp. And kinetic model of inactivation were studied.

以采用生物活性炭工艺制成的生活饮用水中出现频率较高的小杆线虫为研究对象，研究了氯消毒剂对小杆线虫的灭活效果和动力学模型。

In this paper the following technology after UASB system was also discussed , artificial wetland is one of the most appropriate technologies . The new technology , which combines UASB and wetland , has the characters of low cost low energy demand and simply management, and suits our country townish wastewater treatment.

本文还对厌氧法处理小城镇污水的后处理工艺进行了初探，认为人工湿地是一种比较合适的后处理工艺，该工艺和厌氧生物法协同作用，是一种低成本、低能耗、低操作管理要求的污水处理新技术，适合于我国小城市的污水处理。

RESULTS: Relatively well-distributed whole distress and slight initial micromovement of uncemented femoral prostheses were found in male patients at 30-60 years old and in female patients at 40-55 years old.

结果：生物型股骨假体上的整体应力在男性30~60岁年龄段分布相对较均匀，初始微动变化较小；在女性40~55岁年龄段分布相对较均匀，初始微动变化较小。

The fossil collections are important both scientifically and historically, with exceptionally well-preserved specimens from the Midlands and many other famous fossil localities in the UK, and throughout the world.The museum has some of the finest collections from the Wenlock Limestone of Dudley, famous for its fossils that lived 420 million years ago when the area was covered by a shallow, warm, tropical sea that enabled a highly diverse ecosystem to develop. From the rocks of the old Midlands Coalfields are important collections of fossil plants, fish, insects, arachnids, fossil footprints and animal tracks.

伯明翰大学的地质博物馆就在它的主楼里，不大，也不需买票，里面还免费提供小食品和饮料，但是展品很全：始祖鸟、鹦鹉螺、暴龙头骨、小昆虫和像钉子一样的不知名海底生物的化石，金、银、铜、硫的天然单质矿石，和一些由任何一本参考书上都没说过的复杂化学式所代表的成分所组成的宝石（我到今天才知道碱式碳酸铜的结晶原来这么漂亮），还有一些只听说过的铁酸盐晶体，当然馆内远远不止这

Genomic DNA in eukaryotic cell is organized into nucleosome array and further packaged into higher-order structures. Each nucleosome is composed of a stretch of approximately 147bp DNA wrapping around a histone octamer, and neighbored nucleosomes are connected by linker DNA with length varies from 20bp to 100 bp.

中文摘要真核生物的基因组DNA能够与组蛋白形成核小体结构，这些核小体结构在基因组上线形排列，并进一步折叠成更加紧密和复杂的高级结构。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。